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We investigate the usage of highly efficient error correcting codes of multilevel systems to protect encoded quantum information from erasure errors and implementation to repetitively correct these errors. Our scheme makes use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Sreraman Muralidharan , Chang-Ling Zou , Linshu Li , Jianming Wen , Liang Jiang

Quantum error correction plays a critical role in enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing by protecting fragile quantum information from noise. While general-purpose quantum error correction codes are designed to address a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Nirupam Basak , Andrew Tanggara , Ankith Mohan , Goutam Paul , Kishor Bharti

In the early years of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), it is expected that the available code distance and the number of magic states will be restricted due to the limited scalability of quantum devices and the insufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Yasunari Suzuki , Suguru Endo , Keisuke Fujii , Yuuki Tokunaga

In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. In practice, flaws in the state preparation undermine the security of QKD systems, as standard theoretical approaches to deal with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty , Go Kato , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Koji Azuma

This report surveys quantum error-correcting codes. As Preskill claimed, 21st century would be the golden age of quantum error correction. Quantum channels behave differently from classical channels, so researchers face difficulties in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hsun-Hsien Chang

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspect of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Simon J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

Current quantum processors are fragile, noisy and fairly limited in both quantity and quality with tens of qubits and physical error rates of around 10^-3. To realize practical quantum applications, however, error rates need to be below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Hany Ali

The task of preserving entanglement against noises is of crucial importance for both quantum communication and quantum information transfer. To this aim, quantum error correction (QEC) codes may be employed to compensate, at least…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Alessio Morea , Michele N. Notarnicola , Stefano Olivares

Quantum repeaters (QRs) provide a way of enabling long distance quantum communication by establishing entangled qubits between remote locations. We investigate a new approach to QRs in which quantum information can be faithfully transmitted…

With steady progress in the development of quantum networks, the question on how to best provide end-to-end characterization of such networks (Quantum Network Tomography) is quickly becoming more pressing. Initial results demonstrated how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Jake Navas , Jaden Brewer , Jaime Diaz , Matheus Guedes de Andrade , Don Towsley , Inès Montaño

The calculation of the error threshold of quantum error correcting codes typically proceeds as follows. First, syndromes are measured. Then, a decoder infers the error chain and the corresponding correction is applied. The threshold is then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Sun Woo P. Kim

The importance of quantum error correction in paving the way to build a practical quantum computer is no longer in doubt. This dissertation makes a threefold contribution to the mathematical theory of quantum error-correcting codes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-16 Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We investigate the use of Quantum Neural Networks for discovering and implementing quantum error-correcting codes. Our research showcases the efficacy of Quantum Neural Networks through the successful implementation of the Bit-Flip quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-14 A. Chalkiadakis , M. Theocharakis , G. D. Barmparis , G. P. Tsironis

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, such devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-24 Chao Song , Jing Cui , H. Wang , J. Hao , H. Feng , Ying Li

Distributed quantum computation requires quantum operations that act over a distance on error-correction encoded states of logical qubits, such as the transfer of qubits via teleportation. We evaluate the performance of several quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-11 Rodney Van Meter , Kae Nemoto , W. J. Munro

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

In adversarial settings, where attackers can deliberately and strategically corrupt quantum data, standard quantum error correction reaches its limits. It can only correct up to half the code distance and must output a unique answer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Rahul Arvind , Nikhil Bansal , Dax Enshan Koh , Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven