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A new deterministic floating-point arithmetic called precision arithmetic is developed to track precision for arithmetic calculations. It uses a novel rounding scheme to avoid excessive rounding error propagation of conventional…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chengpu Wang

We derive two probabilistic bounds for the relative forward error in the floating point summation of $n$ real numbers, by representing the roundoffs as independent, zero-mean, bounded random variables. The first probabilistic bound is based…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Johnathan Rhyne

Finite precision computations using digital computers involve the following inherent errors: (1) Round-off error of finite precision computations (2) Binary computer arithmetic precludes exact number representation of traditional decimal…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Suvarna Fadnavis

In numeric-intensive computations, it is well known that the execution of floating-point programs is imprecise as floating-point arithmetic incurs round-off errors. Although round-off errors are small for a single floating-point operation,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xuran Cai , Liqian Chen , Hongfei Fu

We present a model of roundoff error analysis that combines simplicity with predictive power. Though not considering all sources of roundoff within an algorithm, the model is related to a recursive roundoff error analysis and therefore…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-06-01 Folkmar Bornemann

Floating-point arithmetic (FPA) is a mechanical representation of real arithmetic (RA), where each operation is replaced with a rounded counterpart. Various numerical properties can be verified by using SMT solvers that support the logic of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Daisuke Ishii , Takashi Tomita , Toshiaki Aoki

We propose an implementation of symplectic implicit Runge-Kutta schemes for highly accurate numerical integration of non-stiff Hamiltonian systems based on fixed point iteration. Provided that the computations are done in a given floating…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-02-14 Mikel Antoñana , Joseba Makazaga , Ander Murua

Compression of floating-point data will play an important role in high-performance computing as data bandwidth and storage become dominant costs. Lossy compression of floating-point data is powerful, but theoretical results are needed to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-03 James Diffenderfer , Alyson Fox , Jeffrey Hittinger , Geoffrey Sanders , Peter Lindstrom

We analyze the forward error in the floating point summation of real numbers, for computations in low precision or extreme-scale problem dimensions that push the limits of the precision. We present a systematic recurrence for a martingale…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Eric Hallman , Ilse C. F. Ipsen

Due to the limited number of bits in floating-point or fixed-point arithmetic, rounding is a necessary step in many computations. Although rounding methods can be tailored for different applications, round-off errors are generally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Lu Xia , Martijn Anthonissen , Michiel Hochstenbach , Barry Koren

We describe an approximate rational arithmetic with round-off errors (both absolute and relative) controlled by the user. The rounding procedure is based on the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. Results of computer experiments…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Grigori Litvinov , Anatoli Rodionov , Andrei Chourkin

Finite-precision arithmetic computations face an inherent tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. The points in this tradeoff space are determined, among other factors, by different data types but also evaluation orders. To put it simply,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Eva Darulova , Einar Horn , Saksham Sharma

Stochastic rounding (SR) offers an alternative to the deterministic IEEE-754 floating-point rounding modes. In some applications such as PDEs, ODEs and neural networks, SR empirically improves the numerical behavior and convergence to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-06 El-Mehdi El Arar , Devan Sohier , Pablo de Oliveira Castro , Eric Petit

State-of-the-art static analysis tools for verifying finite-precision code compute worst-case absolute error bounds on numerical errors. These are, however, often not a good estimate of accuracy as they do not take into account the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Anastasiia Izycheva , Eva Darulova

We analyse the forward error in the floating point summation of real numbers, from algorithms that do not require recourse to higher precision or better hardware. We derive informative explicit expressions, and new deterministic and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Eric Hallman , Ilse C. F. Ipsen

We prove sharp, computable error estimates for the propagation of errors in the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. The new estimates extend previous estimates of the influence of data errors and discretisation errors…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Benjamin Kehlet , Anders Logg

We investigate the possibility of fast, accurate and reliable computation of the Cauchy principal value integrals $\mathrm{P}\!\int_{a}^{b} f(x)(x-\tau)^{-1} dx$ $(a < \tau < b)$ using standard adaptive quadratures. In order to properly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Paweł Keller , Iwona Wróbel

This paper proposes a parametric error analysis method for Goldschmidt floating point division, which reveals how the errors of the intermediate results accumulate and propagate during the Goldschmidt iterations. The analysis is developed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Binzhe Yuan , Liangtao Dai , Xin Lou

Floating-point computations are quickly finding their way in the design of safety- and mission-critical systems, despite the fact that designing floating-point algorithms is significantly more difficult than designing integer algorithms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Roberto Bagnara , Matthieu Carlier , Roberta Gori , Arnaud Gotlieb

We mechanize the fundamental properties of a rounding error model for floating-point arithmetic based on relative precision, a measure of error proposed as a substitute for relative error in rounding error analysis. A key property of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Max Fan , Ariel E. Kellison , Samuel D. Pollard