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Program comprehension is a fundamental task in software development and maintenance processes. Software developers often need to understand a large amount of existing code before they can develop new features or fix bugs in existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Vinoj Jayasundara , Nghi Duy Quoc Bui , Lingxiao Jiang , David Lo

Language model (LM) pretraining can learn various knowledge from text corpora, helping downstream tasks. However, existing methods such as BERT model a single document, and do not capture dependencies or knowledge that span across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Michihiro Yasunaga , Jure Leskovec , Percy Liang

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) has shown marvelous improvements across various NLP tasks, and consecutive variants have been proposed to further improve the performance of the pre-trained language models. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

We introduce a neural network that represents sentences by composing their words according to induced binary parse trees. We use Tree-LSTM as our composition function, applied along a tree structure found by a fully differentiable natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Jean Maillard , Stephen Clark , Dani Yogatama

We propose a neural language model capable of unsupervised syntactic structure induction. The model leverages the structure information to form better semantic representations and better language modeling. Standard recurrent neural networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Yikang Shen , Zhouhan Lin , Chin-Wei Huang , Aaron Courville

Neural machine translation models are used to automatically generate a document from given source code since this can be regarded as a machine translation task. Source code summarization is one of the components for automatic document…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Yusuke Shido , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Akihiro Yamamoto , Atsushi Miyamoto , Tadayuki Matsumura

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has achieved a high level of relevance in several areas. In the field of software engineering (SE), NLP applications are based on the classification of similar texts (e.g. software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Eliane Maria De Bortoli Fávero , Dalcimar Casanova

Latent tree learning models learn to parse a sentence without syntactic supervision, and use that parse to build the sentence representation. Existing work on such models has shown that, while they perform well on tasks like sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Nikita Nangia , Samuel R. Bowman

Code generation focuses on the automatic conversion of natural language (NL) utterances into code snippets. The sequence-to-tree (Seq2Tree) approaches are proposed for code generation, with the guarantee of the grammatical correctness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yihong Dong , Ge Li , Xue Jiang , Zhi Jin

Many recent models in software engineering introduced deep neural models based on the Transformer architecture or use transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) trained on code. Although these models achieve the state of the arts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Rishab Sharma , Fuxiang Chen , Fatemeh Fard , David Lo

We use reinforcement learning to learn tree-structured neural networks for computing representations of natural language sentences. In contrast with prior work on tree-structured models in which the trees are either provided as input or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Dani Yogatama , Phil Blunsom , Chris Dyer , Edward Grefenstette , Wang Ling

Syntactic Language Models (SLMs) can be trained efficiently to reach relatively high performance; however, they have trouble with inference efficiency due to the explicit generation of syntactic structures. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ryo Yoshida , Taiga Someya , Yohei Oseki

Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has become a representative foundation model in the natural language processing field. Most PLMs are trained with linguistic-agnostic pre-training tasks on the surface form of the text, such as the masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang , Ting Liu

Making an informed choice of pre-trained language model (LM) is critical for performance, yet environmentally costly, and as such widely underexplored. The field of Computer Vision has begun to tackle encoder ranking, with promising forays…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Barbara Plank

Motivated by the success of pre-trained language models such as BERT in a broad range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, recent research efforts have been made for adapting these models for different application domains. Along this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Denghui Zhang , Zixuan Yuan , Yanchi Liu , Hao Liu , Fuzhen Zhuang , Hui Xiong , Haifeng Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in automated source-to-target code translation through pretraining on extensive code corpora. However, mainstream LLM-based code translation methods suffer from two critical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-13 He Jiang , Yufu Wang , Hao Lin , Peiyu Zou , Zhide Zhou , Ang Jia , Xiaochen Li , Zhilei Ren

Since the introduction of the original BERT (i.e., BASE BERT), researchers have developed various customized BERT models with improved performance for specific domains and tasks by exploiting the benefits of transfer learning. Due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jia Tracy Shen , Michiharu Yamashita , Ethan Prihar , Neil Heffernan , Xintao Wu , Ben Graff , Dongwon Lee

BERT adopts masked language modeling (MLM) for pre-training and is one of the most successful pre-training models. Since BERT neglects dependency among predicted tokens, XLNet introduces permuted language modeling (PLM) for pre-training to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Jianfeng Lu , Tie-Yan Liu

We present MetricBERT, a BERT-based model that learns to embed text under a well-defined similarity metric while simultaneously adhering to the ``traditional'' masked-language task. We focus on downstream tasks of learning similarities for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Itzik Malkiel , Dvir Ginzburg , Oren Barkan , Avi Caciularu , Yoni Weill , Noam Koenigstein

Software traceability establishes and leverages associations between diverse development artifacts. Researchers have proposed the use of deep learning trace models to link natural language artifacts, such as requirements and issue…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jinfeng Lin , Yalin Liu , Qingkai Zeng , Meng Jiang , Jane Cleland-Huang