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Many widely used models amount to an elaborate means of making up numbers--but once a number has been produced, it tends to be taken seriously and its source (the model) is rarely examined carefully. Many widely used models have little…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-28 Philip B. Stark

We study the link between Phelps-Aigner-Cain-type statistical discrimination and familiar notions of statistical informativeness. Our central insight is that Blackwell's Theorem, suitably relabeled, characterizes statistical discrimination…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-01 Matteo Escudé , Paula Onuchic , Ludvig Sinander , Quitzé Valenzuela-Stookey

We propose a stylized model of a complex economy to explore the economic tradeoffs imposed by the so called "green transition" -- the shift towards more sustainable production paradigms -- using tools from the Statistical Mechanics of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-06 Filippo Marcuccini , Giacomo Livan

In statistical inference, uncertainty is unknown and all models are wrong. That is to say, a person who makes a statistical model and a prior distribution is simultaneously aware that both are fictional candidates. To study such cases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Sumio Watanabe

Machine learning systems are often trained using data collected from historical decisions. If past decisions were biased, then automated systems that learn from historical data will also be biased. We propose a black-box approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Sahil Verma , Michael Ernst , Rene Just

Predicting the future state of a system has always been a natural motivation for science and practical applications. Such a topic, beyond its obvious technical and societal relevance, is also interesting from a conceptual point of view.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-04-25 Hykel Hosni , Angelo Vulpiani

Several authors, including the American Statistician (ASA), have noted the challenges facing statisticians when attacking large, complex, unstructured problems, as opposed to well-defined textbook problems. Clearly, the standard paradigm of…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2015-11-20 Roger W. Hoerl , Ronald D. Snee

We propose a belief-formation model where agents attempt to discriminate between two theories, and where the asymmetry in strength between confirming and disconfirming evidence tilts beliefs in favor of theories that generate strong (and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-13 Olivier Compte

We argue that the words "objectivity" and "subjectivity" in statistics discourse are used in a mostly unhelpful way, and we propose to replace each of them with broader collections of attributes, with objectivity replaced by transparency,…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2015-08-25 Andrew Gelman , Christian Hennig

Cultural evaluation of large language models has become increasingly important, yet current benchmarks often reduce culture to static facts or homogeneous values. This view conflicts with anthropological accounts that emphasize culture as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mai AlKhamissi , Yunze Xiao , Badr AlKhamissi , Mona Diab

We report experiment results on binary categorization of (i) gray color, (ii) speech sounds, and (iii) number discrimination. Data analysis is based on constructing psychometric functions and focusing on asymptotics. We discuss the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-10-11 Ihor Lubashevsky , Ian Wilson , Rio Suzuki , Yuki Kato

Machines are being increasingly used in decision-making processes, resulting in the realization that decisions need explanations. Unfortunately, an increasing number of these deployed models are of a 'black-box' nature where the reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Sopam Dasgupta

Data-driven algorithms are only as good as the data they work with, while data sets, especially social data, often fail to represent minorities adequately. Representation Bias in data can happen due to various reasons ranging from…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Nima Shahbazi , Yin Lin , Abolfazl Asudeh , H. V. Jagadish

While we typically focus on data visualization as a tool for facilitating cognitive tasks (e.g., learning facts, making decisions), we know relatively little about their second-order impacts on our opinions, attitudes, and values. For…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Eli Holder , Cindy Xiong Bearfield

This paper develops a data-driven approach to Bayesian persuasion. The receiver is privately informed about the prior distribution of the state of the world, the sender knows the receiver's preferences but does not know the distribution of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-06 Maxwell Rosenthal

This paper proposes a careful separation between an entity's epistemic system and their decision system. Crucially, Bayesian counterfactuals are estimated by the epistemic system; not by the decision system. Based on this remark, I prove…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-08-11 Lê Nguyên Hoang

The complex nature of organizational culture challenges our ability to infers its underlying dynamics from observational studies. Recent computational studies have adopted a distinct different view, where plausible mechanisms are proposed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-07 Christos Ellinas , Neil Allan , Anders Johansson

Merging the two cultures of deep and statistical learning provides insights into structured high-dimensional data. Traditional statistical modeling is still a dominant strategy for structured tabular data. Deep learning can be viewed…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-25 Anindya Bhadra , Jyotishka Datta , Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Jianeng Xu

In recent years, ideas from statistics and scientific computing have begun to interact in increasingly sophisticated and fruitful ways with ideas from computer science and the theory of algorithms to aid in the development of improved…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-10-11 Michael W. Mahoney

There is a bidirectional relationship between culture and AI; AI models are increasingly used to analyse culture, thereby shaping our understanding of culture. On the other hand, the models are trained on collections of cultural artifacts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Nanne van Noord , Melvin Wevers , Tobias Blanke , Julia Noordegraaf , Marcel Worring