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On signed social networks, balanced and unbalanced triangles are a critical motif due to their role as the foundations of Structural Balance Theory. The uses for these motifs have been extensively explored in networks with known edge signs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Alexander Zhou , Haoyang Li , Anxin Tian , Zhiyuan Li , Yue Wang

This paper studies the signed networks in the presence of stubborn links, based on the structural balance theory. Each agent in the network has a mixture of positive and negative links represent friendly and antagonistic interactions and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-02 Somaye Sheykhali , Amir Hossein Darooneh , Gholam Reza Jafari

We consider a nonlinear dynamical system on a signed graph, which can be interpreted as a mathematical model of social networks in which the links can have both positive and negative connotations. In accordance with a concept from social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Tyler H. Summers , Iman Shames

Signed graphs are graphs with signed edges. They are commonly used to represent positive and negative relationships in social networks. While balance theory and clusterizable graphs deal with signed graphs to represent social interactions,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-05-21 Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Christopher Thraves

Network visualization has established as a key complement to network analysis since the large variety of existing network layouts are able to graphically highlight different properties of networks. However, signed networks, i.e., networks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Edoardo Galimberti , Chiara Madeddu , Francesco Bonchi , Giancarlo Ruffo

The study of social networks is a burgeoning research area. However, most existing work deals with networks that simply encode whether relationships exist or not. In contrast, relationships in signed networks can be positive ("like",…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-03-06 Kai-Yang Chiang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Nagarajan Natarajan , Ambuj Tewari , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Signed networks have been a topic of recent interest in the network control community as they allow studying antagonistic interactions in multi-agent systems. Although dynamical characteristics of signed networks have been well-studied,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-13 Siavash Alemzadeh , Mathias Hudoba de Badyn , Mehran Mesbahi

We investigate structural features and processes associated with the onset of systemic conflict using an approach which integrates complex systems theory with network modeling and analysis. We present a signed network model of cooperation…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Megan Morrison , J. Nathan Kutz , Michael Gabbay

Signed network is a kind of network that associates each edge a positive or negative sign which could express friendly or unfriendly relationship between individuals. When diseases spreading over the signed network, some unfriendly edges…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-03-26 Cong Wan , Cong Wang , Yanxia Lv

Two competing types of interactions often play an important part in shaping system behavior, such as activatory or inhibitory functions in biological systems. Hence, signed networks, where each connection can be either positive or negative,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yu Tian , Renaud Lambiotte

A large portion of today's big data can be represented as networks. However, not all networks are the same, and in fact, for many that have additional complexities to their structure, traditional general network analysis methods are no…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Tyler Derr , Cassidy Johnson , Yi Chang , Jiliang Tang

In signed networks, some existing community detection methods treat negative connections as intercommunity links and positive ones as intracommunity links. However, it is important to recognize that negative links on real-world networks…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-17 Peng Zhang , Xianyu Xu , Leyang Xue

In many real-world networks, relationships often go beyond simple dyadic presence or absence; they can be positive, like friendship, alliance, and mutualism, or negative, characterized by enmity, disputes, and competition. To understand the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Xuyang Chen , Yinjie Wang , Weijing Tang

Numerous real-world relations can be represented by signed networks with positive links (e.g., trust) and negative links (e.g., distrust). Link analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the link formation and can advance various tasks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-03-23 Ghazaleh Beigi , Jiliang Tang , Huan Liu

Is the enemy of an enemy necessarily a friend? If not, to what extent does this tend to hold? Such questions were formulated in terms of signed (social) networks and necessary and sufficient conditions for a network to be "balanced" were…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Samin Aref , Mark C. Wilson

The analysis of (social) networks and multi-agent systems is a central theme in Artificial Intelligence. Some line of research deals with finding groups of agents that could work together to achieve a certain goal. To this end, different…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Emmanuel Arrighi , Zhidan Feng , Henning Fernau , Kevin Mann , Xingqin Qi , Petra Wolf

The frustration index is a key measure for analysing signed networks, which has been underused due to its computational complexity. We use an exact optimisation-based method to analyse frustration as a global structural property of signed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Samin Aref , Mark C. Wilson

Community detection, discovering the underlying communities within a network from observed connections, is a fundamental problem in network analysis, yet it remains underexplored for signed networks. In signed networks, both edge connection…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Yichao Chen , Weijing Tang , Ji Zhu

Social networks inherently exhibit complex relationships that can be positive or negative, as well as directional. Understanding balance in these networks is crucial for unraveling social dynamics, yet traditional theories struggle to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-11 Bingjie Hao , Elijah Platnick , István A. Kovács

In the age of digital interaction, person-to-person relationships existing on social media may be different from the very same interactions that exist offline. Examining potential or spurious relationships between members in a social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhihao Wu , Taoran Li , Ray Roman