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We introduce and study a model of plane random trees generalizing the famous Bienaym\'e--Galton--Watson model but where births and deaths are locally correlated. More precisely, given a random variable $(B,H)$ with values in $\{1,2,3,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Ariane Carrance , Jérôme Casse , Nicolas Curien

We consider the counting problem of the number of \textit{leaf-labeled increasing trees}, where internal nodes may have an arbitrary number of descendants. The set of all such trees is a discrete representation of the genealogies obtained…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-08 Johannes Wirtz

We study the conditions for families of subtrees to exist with high probability (whp) in a Galton-Walton tree of size $n$. We first give a Poisson approximation of fringe subtree counts, which yields the height of the maximal complete…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Xing Shi Cai , Luc Devroye

We show that given a log-concave offspring distribution, the corresponding sequence of Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees conditioned to have $n\geq 1$ vertices admits a realization as a Markov process $(T_n)_{n\geq1}$ which adds a new…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-07 William Fleurat

We compute the magnitude (an isometric invariant of metric spaces) of compact $\mathbb{R}$-trees and show that it equals $1 + L/2$, where $L \in [0, \infty]$ denotes the total length. Although length is the only geometric invariant captured…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Philippe Bouafia

The hierarchical and recursive expressive capability of rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. On the other hand, such hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

We consider conditioned Galton-Watson trees and show asymptotic normality of additive functionals that are defined by toll functions that are not too large. This includes, as a special case, asymptotic normality of the number of fringe…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-05 Svante Janson

We study a particular type of subcritical Galton--Watson trees, which are called non-generic trees in the physics community. In contrast with the critical or supercritical case, it is known that condensation appears in certain large…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-19 Igor Kortchemski

Let $\mathcal{T}_n$ be the set of trees with $n$ vertices. Suppose that each tree in $\mathcal{T}_n$ is equally likely. We show that the number of different rooted trees of a tree equals $(\mu_r+o(1))n$ for almost every tree of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-21 Xueliang Li , Yiyang Li , Yongtang Shi

Skeletons of branching processes are defined as trees of lineages characterized by an appropriate signature of future reproduction success. In the supercritical case a natural choice is to look for the lineages that survive forever. In the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-02 Serik Sagitov , Maria C. Serra

By introducing a new measure for the infinite Galton-Watson process and providing estimates for (discrete) Green's functions on trees, we establish the asymptotic behavior of the capacity of critical branching random walks: in high…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Tianyi Bai , Yijun Wan

We study the scaling limits of looptrees associated with Bienaym\'e--Galton--Watson (BGW) trees, that are obtained by replacing every vertex of the tree by a "cycle" whose size is its degree. First, we consider BGW trees whose offspring…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-13 Igor Kortchemski , Loïc Richier

We consider large uniform random trees where we fix for each vertex its degree and height. We prove, under natural conditions of convergence for the profile, that those trees properly renormalized converge. To this end, we study the paths…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Arthur Blanc-Renaudie , Emmanuel Kammerer

We propose a new way to condition random trees, that is, condition random trees to have large maximal out-degree. Under this new conditioning, we show that conditioned critical Galton-Watson trees converge locally to size-biased trees with…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-08 Xin He

Phylogenetic (i.e. leaf-labeled) trees play a fundamental role in evolutionary research. A typical problem is to reconstruct such trees from data like DNA alignments (whose columns are often referred to as characters), and a simple…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-08 Mareike Fischer

Coalescence processes have received a lot of attention in the context of conditional branching processes with fixed population size and non-overlapping generations. Here we focus on similar problems in the context of the standard…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-25 Nicolas Grosjean , Thierry Huillet

This note derives asymptotic upper and lower bounds for the number of planted plane trees on $n$ nodes assigned labels from the set $\{1,2,\ldots, k\}$ with the restriction that on any path from the root to a leaf, the labels must strictly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Tsun-Ming Cheung , Luc Devroye , Marcel K. Goh

We study the asymptotic behavior af the number of cuts $X(T_n)$ needed to isolate the root in a rooted binary random tree $T_n$ with $n$ leaves. We focus on the case of subtrees of the Continuum Random Tree generated by uniform sampling of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-12-24 Patrick Hoscheit

In this paper we consider a random walk in random environment on a tree and focus on the boundary case for the underlying branching potential. We study the range $R\_n$ of this walk up to time $n$ and obtain its correct asymptotic in…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Pierre Andreoletti , Xinxin Chen

We study the maximal degree of (sub)critical L{\'e}vy trees which arise as the scaling limits of Bienaym{\'e}-Galton-Watson trees. We determine the genealogical structure of large nodes and establish a Poissonian decomposition of the tree…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Romain Abraham , Jean-François Delmas , Michel Nassif