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One well motivated explanation method for classifiers leverages counterfactuals which are hypothetical events identical to real observations in all aspects except for one feature. Constructing such counterfactual poses specific challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Pirmin Lemberger , Antoine Saillenfest

In argumentative discourse, persuasion is often achieved by refuting or attacking others arguments. Attacking is not always straightforward and often comprise complex rhetorical moves such that arguers might agree with a logic of an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Farjana Sultana Mim , Naoya Inoue , Shoichi Naito , Keshav Singh , Kentaro Inui

Argument mining is a subfield of argumentation that aims to automatically extract argumentative structures and their relations from natural language texts. This paper investigates how a single large language model can be leveraged to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Henri Savigny , Bruno Yun

Argument Unit Recognition and Classification aims at identifying argument units from text and classifying them as pro or against. One of the design choices that need to be made when developing systems for this task is what the unit of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jonathan Kamp , Lisa Beinborn , Antske Fokkens

Recently, generating adversarial examples has become an important means of measuring robustness of a deep learning model. Adversarial examples help us identify the susceptibilities of the model and further counter those vulnerabilities by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Deb Roy

Much like admissibility is the key concept underlying preferred semantics, strong admissibility is the key concept underlying grounded semantics, as membership of a strongly admissible set is sufficient to show membership of the grounded…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Martin Caminada , Sri Harikrishnan

Humans are black boxes -- we cannot observe their neural processes, yet society functions by evaluating verifiable arguments. AI explainability should follow this principle: stakeholders need verifiable reasoning chains, not mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ege Cakar , Per Ola Kristensson

Current methods for textual analysis rely on data annotated within predefined ontologies, often embedding human bias within black-box models. Despite achieving near-perfect performance, these approaches exploit unstructured, linear pattern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Diego Revilla , Martin Fernandez-de-Retana , Lingfeng Chen , Aritz Bilbao-Jayo , Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana

This paper presents a framework which enables a user to more easily make corrections to adversarial texts. While attack algorithms have been demonstrated to automatically build adversaries, changes made by the algorithms can often have poor…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Brandon Laughlin , Christopher Collins , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Khalil El-Khatib

Building an effective adversarial attacker and elaborating on countermeasures for adversarial attacks for natural language processing (NLP) have attracted a lot of research in recent years. However, most of the existing approaches focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Wenjuan Han , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Kewei Tu

This paper develops a new approach to computational argumentation that is informed by philosophical and linguistic views. Namely, it takes into account two ideas that have received little attention in the literature on computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Michael A. Müller , Srdjan Vesic , Bruno Yun

Text-aware recommender systems incorporate rich textual features, such as titles and descriptions, to generate item recommendations for users. The use of textual features helps mitigate cold-start problems, and thus, such recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Sejoon Oh , Gaurav Verma , Srijan Kumar

This paper addresses the challenge of modeling human reasoning, within a new framework called Cognitive Argumentation. This framework rests on the assumption that human logical reasoning is inherently a process of dialectic argumentation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Emmanuelle-Anna Dietz Saldanha , Antonis Kakas

In many domains of argumentation, people's arguments are driven by so-called attitude roots, i.e., underlying beliefs and world views, and their corresponding attitude themes. Given the strength of these latent drivers of arguments, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Sukannya Purkayastha , Anne Lauscher , Iryna Gurevych

Debate portals and similar web platforms constitute one of the main text sources in computational argumentation research and its applications. While the corpora built upon these sources are rich of argumentatively relevant content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jonas Dorsch , Henning Wachsmuth

Recent work has explored integrating autoregressive language models with energy-based models (EBMs) to enhance text generation capabilities. However, learning effective EBMs for text is challenged by the discrete nature of language. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xuwang Yin

We hypothesize that optimal system responses emerge from adaptive strategies grounded in causal and counterfactual knowledge. Counterfactual inference allows us to create hypothetical scenarios to examine the effects of alternative system…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Donghuo Zeng , Roberto Legaspi , Yuewen Sun , Xinshuai Dong , Kazushi Ikeda , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a promising approach for text generation that, unlike traditional language models (LM), does not suffer from the problem of ``exposure bias''. However, A major hurdle for understanding the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Guy Tevet , Gavriel Habib , Vered Shwartz , Jonathan Berant

Production machine learning systems are consistently under attack by adversarial actors. Various deep learning models must be capable of accurately detecting fake or adversarial input while maintaining speed. In this work, we propose one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Matthew Ciolino , Josh Kalin , David Noever

Particularly in the structure of global discourse, coherence plays a pivotal role in human text comprehension and is a hallmark of high-quality text. This is especially true for persuasive texts, where coherent argument structures support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Christopher van Le