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A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's…

Visualizing NLP annotation is useful for the collection of training data for the statistical NLP approaches. Existing toolkits either provide limited visual aid, or introduce comprehensive operators to realize sophisticated linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Hanchuan Li , Haichen Shen , Shengliang Xu , Congle Zhang

Annotated datasets are commonly used in the training and evaluation of tasks involving natural language and vision (image description generation, action recognition and visual question answering). However, many of the existing datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Gitit Kehat , James Pustejovsky

Due to the unreliability of Internet workers, it's difficult to complete a crowdsourcing project satisfactorily, especially when the tasks are multiple and the budget is limited. Recently, meta learning has brought new vitality to few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Guangyang Han , Guoxian Yu , Lizhen Cui , Carlotta Domeniconi , Xiangliang Zhang

Many computer scientists use the aggregated answers of online workers to represent ground truth. Prior work has shown that aggregation methods such as majority voting are effective for measuring relatively objective features. For subjective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Jiele Wu , Chau-Wai Wong , Xinyan Zhao , Xianpeng Liu

Labor plays a major, albeit largely unrecognized role in the development of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms are predicated on data-intensive processes that rely on humans to execute repetitive and difficult-to-automate,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Antonio A. Casilli , Paola Tubaro , Maxime Cornet , Clément Le Ludec , Juana Torres-Cierpe , Matheus Viana Braz

Explanation methods in Interpretable NLP often explain the model's decision by extracting evidence (rationale) from the input texts supporting the decision. Benchmark datasets for rationales have been released to evaluate how good the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Crowdsourcing provides a practical way to obtain large amounts of labeled data at a low cost. However, the annotation quality of annotators varies considerably, which imposes new challenges in learning a high-quality model from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Zhendong Chu , Jing Ma , Hongning Wang

AI generates both enthusiasm and disillusionment, with promises that often go unfulfilled. It is therefore not surprising that human labor, which is its fundamental component, is also subject to these same deceptions. The development of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Matheus Viana Braz , Paola Tubaro , Antonio A. Casilli

Crowdsourcing is a common approach to rapidly annotate large volumes of data in machine learning applications. Typically, crowd workers are compensated with a flat rate based on an estimated completion time to meet a target hourly wage.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Gordon Lim , Stefan Larson , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

The global surge in AI applications is transforming industries, leading to displacement and complementation of existing jobs, while also giving rise to new employment opportunities. Data annotation, encompassing the labelling of images or…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-19 Johann Laux , Fabian Stephany , Alice Liefgreen

Crowdsourcing is regarded as one prospective solution for effective supervised learning, aiming to build large-scale annotated training data by crowd workers. Previous studies focus on reducing the influences from the noises of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Xin Zhang , Guangwei Xu , Yueheng Sun , Meishan Zhang , Pengjun Xie

Cognitive computing systems require human labeled data for evaluation, and often for training. The standard practice used in gathering this data minimizes disagreement between annotators, and we have found this results in data that fails to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Anca Dumitrache , Lora Aroyo , Chris Welty

Annotation is a central mechanism in visualization design that enables people to communicate key insights. Prior research has provided essential accounts of the visual forms annotations take, but less attention has been paid to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Dilshadur Rahman , Devin Lange , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Paul Rosen

As the size of the datasets getting larger, accurately annotating such datasets is becoming more impractical due to the expensiveness on both time and economy. Therefore, crowd-sourcing has been widely adopted to alleviate the cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Hansong Zhang , Shikun Li , Dan Zeng , Chenggang Yan , Shiming Ge

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) in teams is tightly coupled with the creation of shared meaning between participants in a situated, collaborative task. In this work, we assess the quality of different utterance segmentation techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Corbyn Terpstra , Ibrahim Khebour , Mariah Bradford , Brett Wisniewski , Nikhil Krishnaswamy , Nathaniel Blanchard

Crowdsourcing systems, in which numerous tasks are electronically distributed to numerous "information piece-workers", have emerged as an effective paradigm for human-powered solving of large scale problems in domains such as image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-27 David R. Karger , Sewoong Oh , Devavrat Shah

We consider a class of variable effort human annotation tasks in which the number of labels required per item can greatly vary (e.g., finding all faces in an image, named entities in a text, bird calls in an audio recording, etc.). In such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Danula Hettiachchi , Mike Schaekermann , Tristan McKinney , Matthew Lease

Recent works of opinion expression identification (OEI) rely heavily on the quality and scale of the manually-constructed training corpus, which could be extremely difficult to satisfy. Crowdsourcing is one practical solution for this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xin Zhang , Guangwei Xu , Yueheng Sun , Meishan Zhang , Xiaobin Wang , Min Zhang

The availability of training data for supervision is a frequently encountered bottleneck of medical image analysis methods. While typically established by a clinical expert rater, the increase in acquired imaging data renders traditional…