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We consider the large deviations at the order of the variance for the central value of a family of $L$-functions among the members with bounded discriminant. When there is an upper bound on an integer moment of the central value twisted by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 N. Creighton

Let $q$ be a prime, $\chi$ be a non-principal Dirichlet character $\bmod\ q$ and $L(s,\chi)$ be the associated Dirichlet $L$-function. For every odd prime $q\le 10^7$, we show that $L(1,\chi_\square) > c_{1} \log q$ and $\beta < 1-…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-07 Alessandro Languasco

We estimate the $1$-level density of low-lying zeros of $L(s,\chi)$ with $\chi$ ranging over primitive Dirichlet characters of conductor $\in [Q/2,Q]$ and for test functions whose Fourier transform is supported in $[- 2 - 50/1093, 2 +…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Sary Drappeau , Kyle Pratt , Maksym Radziwiłł

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) establishes that sufficiently large sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables converge in probability to a normal distribution. This makes the CLT a fundamental building block of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Henning Basold , Oisín Flynn-Connolly , Chase Ford , Hao Wang

In this paper, we investigate the distribution of the imaginary parts of zeros near the real axis of Dirichlet $L$-functions associated to the quadratic characters $\chi_{p}(\cdot)=(\cdot |p)$ with $p$ a prime number. Assuming the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Julio Andrade , Siegfred Baluyot

We establish an asymptotic formula for the first moment and derive an upper bound for the second moment of L-functions associated with the complete family of primitive cubic Dirichlet characters defined over the Eisenstein field. Our…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Ahmet Muhtar Güloğlu

Selberg's central limit theorem states that the values of $\log|\zeta(1/2+i \tau)|$, where $\tau$ is a uniform random variable on $[T,2T]$, is distributed like a Gaussian random variable of mean $0$ and standard deviation…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Eli Amzallag , Louis-Pierre Arguin , Emma Bailey , Kelvin Hui , Rajesh Rao

In this article we study the value distribution theory for the first derivative of the logarithmic derivative of Dirichlet $L$-functions, generalizing certain results of Ihara, Matsumoto et. al. related to ``$M$-functions" for $\sigma = $…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Samprit Ghosh

We consider the value distribution of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line, weighted by the local statistics of zeta zeros. We show that, with appropriate normalization, it satisfies a complex Central Limit…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Alessandro Fazzari , Maxim Gerspach , Paolo Minelli

Let $f$ be a fixed holomorphic primitive cusp form of even weight $k$, level $r$ and trivial nebentypus $\chi_r$. Let $q$ be an odd prime with $(q,r)=1$ and let $\chi$ be a primitive Dirichlet character modulus $q$ with $\chi\neq\chi_r$. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Qingfeng Sun , Hui Wang , Yanxue Yu

We prove the Lindeberg--Feller central limit theorem without using characteristic functions or Taylor expansions, but instead by measuring how far a distribution is from the standard normal distribution according to the $2$-Wasserstein…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Calvin Wooyoung Chin

Let $S(t,f)=\pi^{-1}\arg L(1/2+it, f)$, where $f$ is a holomorphic Hecke cusp form of weight $2$ and prime level $q$. In this paper, we establish an unconditional asymptotic formula for the moments of $S(t,f)$, providing a level aspect…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Qingfeng Sun , Hui Wang

Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we provide explicit upper bounds for moduli of $\log{\mathcal{L}(s)}$ and $\mathcal{L}'(s)/\mathcal{L}(s)$ in the neighbourhood of the 1-line when $\mathcal{L}(s)$ are the Riemann, Dirichlet and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-27 Aleksander Simonič

We present a streamlined account of a recent theorem on the classification of the $L$-functions of degree 2 and conductor 1 from the extended Selberg class. We also present a more general new result dealing with functional equations…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Jerzy Kaczorowski , Alberto Perelli

The main purpose of this paper is to establish bounds on the second moment of $L\big(\tfrac{1}{2}+it,\chi\big)$, averaged over families of fixed order characters. A discrete version of the main result is also stated, from which zero-density…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-06 C. C. Corrigan

We study the $2k$-th moment of central values of the family of primitive cubic and quartic Dirichlet $L$-functions. We establish sharp lower bounds for all real $k \geq 1/2$ unconditionally for the cubic case and under the Lindel\"of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Peng Gao , Liangyi Zhao

We introduce an infinite family of approximations for a Dirichlet $L$-function $L(s, \chi)$ arising from truncated Euler products. These approximations are entire functions and satisfy the same functional equation as $L(s, \chi)$. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Mohammed Alzergani

We make explicit a result of Selberg on the argument of Dirichlet $L$-functions averaged over non-principal characters modulo a prime $q$. As a corollary, we show for all sufficiently large prime $q$ that the height of the lowest…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Ghaith Hiary , Tianyu Zhao

In this paper, we use the Weyl-bound for Dirichlet $L$-functions to derive zero-density estimates for $L$-functions associated to families of fixed-order Dirichlet characters. The results improve on previous bounds given by the author when…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-10 C. C. Corrigan

Let $q\ge3$ be an integer, $\chi$ denote a Dirichlet character modulo $q$, for any real number $a\ge 0$, we define the generalized Dirichlet $L$-functions $$ L(s,\chi,a)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\chi(n)}{(n+a)^s}, $$ where $s=\sigma+it$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Rong Ma , Yana Niu