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Topological defects play a key role in two-dimensional active nematics, and a transient role in two-dimensional active polar fluids. In this paper, we study both the transient and long-time behavior of defects in two-dimensional active…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-24 Farzan Vafa

We numerically investigate how spatial variations of extensile or contractile active stress affect bulk active nematic systems in two and three dimensions. In the absence of defects, activity gradients drive flows which re-orient the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-15 Liam J Ruske , Julia M Yeomans

We establish how active stress globally affects the morphology of disclination lines of a three dimensional active nematic liquid crystal under chaotic flow. Thanks to a defect detection algorithm based on the local nematic orientation, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-30 Pasquale Digregorio , Cecilia Rorai , Ignacio Pagonabarraga , Federico Toschi

Active nematics contain topological defects which under sufficient activity move, create and annihilate in a chaotic quasi-steady state, called active turbulence. However, understanding active defects under confinement is an open challenge,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-10-02 Simon Čopar , Jure Aplinc , Žiga Kos , Slobodan Žumer , Miha Ravnik

The dynamics of active smectic liquid crystals confined on a spherical surface is explored through an active phase field crystal model. Starting from an initially randomly perturbed isotropic phase, several types of topological defects are…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-11 Michael Nestler , Simon Praetorius , Zhi-Feng Huang , Hartmut Löwen , Axel Voigt

When a nematic liquid crystal is confined in a porous medium with strong anchoring conditions, topological defects, called disclinations, are stably formed with numerous possible configurations. Since the energy barriers between them are…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-12 Takeaki Araki

The study of liquid crystals at equilibrium has led to fundamental insights into the nature of ordered materials, as well as to practical applications such as display technologies. Active nematics are a fundamentally different class of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-08-19 Stephen J. DeCamp , Gabriel S. Redner , Aparna Baskaran , Michael F. Hagan , Zvonimir Dogic

Active nematics are out-of-equilibrium systems in which energy injection at the microscale drives emergent collective behaviors, from spontaneous flows to active turbulence. While the dynamics of these systems have been extensively studied,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-15 Ahmet Umut Akduman , Yusuf Sariyar , Giuseppe Negro , Livio Nicola Carenza

We study how confinement transforms the chaotic dynamics of bulk microtubule-based active nematics into regular spatiotemporal patterns. For weak confinements, multiple continuously nucleating and annihilating topological defects…

As a method for controlling active materials, researchers have suggested designing patterns of activity on a substrate, which should guide the motion of topological defects. To investigate this concept, we model the behavior of a single…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-10 Xingzhou Tang , Jonathan V. Selinger

Active fluids, such as cytoskeletal filaments, bacterial colonies and epithelial cell layers, exhibit distinctive orientational coherence, often characterized by nematic order and topological defects. By contrast, little is known about…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-04-07 Mattia Serra , Linnea Lemma , Luca Giomi , Zvonimir Dogic , L. Mahadevan

Active matter is naturally out of equilibrium which results in the emergence of diverse dynamic steady states, including the omnipresent chaotic state known as the active turbulence. However, much less is known how active systems…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-04-07 Nika Kralj , Miha Ravnik , Žiga Kos

The motion of topological defects is an important feature of the dynamics of all liquid crystals, and is especially conspicuous in active liquid crystals. Understanding defect motion is a challenging theoretical problem, because the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-01-24 Xingzhou Tang , Jonathan V. Selinger

The growing interest in active nematics and the emerging evidence of the relevance of topological defects in biology asks for reliable data analysis tools to identify, classify and track such defects in simulation and microscopy data. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-02-10 Dennis Wenzel , Michael Nestler , Sebastian Reuther , Maximilian Simon , Axel Voigt

Inspired by recent experiments that highlight the role of nematic defects in the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues, we develop a minimal framework to study the dynamics of an active curved surface driven by its nematic texture. Allowing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-14 Farzan Vafa , L. Mahadevan

We investigate the dynamics of active nematic liquid crystals on deformable membranes, focusing on the interplay between active stress and anisotropic curvature coupling. Using a minimal model, we simulate the coupled evolution of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-19 Yuki Hirota , Nariya Uchida

Liquid crystals inevitably possess topological defect excitations generated through boundary conditions, applied fields or in quenches to the ordered phase. In equilibrium pairs of defects coarsen and annihilate as the uniform ground state…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-06-05 Luca Giomi , Mark J. Bowick , Xu Ma , M. Cristina Marchetti

Topological defects play a central role in the physics of many materials, including magnets, superconductors and liquid crystals. In active fluids, defects become autonomous particles that spontaneously propel from internal active stresses…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-12 Suraj Shankar , Luca V. D. Scharrer , Mark J. Bowick , M. Cristina Marchetti

Using novel micro-printing techniques, we develop a versatile experimental setup that allows us to study how lateral confinement tames the active flows and defect properties of the microtubule/kinesin active nematic system. We demonstrate…

The self-propulsion of +1/2 topological defects is a hallmark of active nematic fluids, where the defects are advected by the flow field they themselves generate. In this paper we propose a minimal model for defect self-propulsion in a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-08 Fridtjof Brauns , Myles O'Leary , Arthur Hernandez , Mark J. Bowick , M. Cristina Marchetti