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Despite advances in deep probabilistic models, learning discrete latent representations remains challenging. This work introduces a novel method to improve inference in discrete Variational Autoencoders by reframing the inference problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 María Martínez-García , Grace Villacrés , David Mitchell , Pablo M. Olmos

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a significant challenge in cybersecurity due to their stealthy and long-term nature. Modern supervised learning methods require extensive labeled data, which is often scarce in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Combining Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with encoders that learn to encode data points has shown promising results in learning data representations in an unsupervised way. We propose a framework that combines an encoder and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Tobias Hinz , Stefan Wermter

Unsupervised learning can leverage large-scale data sources without the need for annotations. In this context, deep learning-based autoencoders have shown great potential in detecting anomalies in medical images. However, especially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-03 David Zimmerer , Simon Kohl , Jens Petersen , Fabian Isensee , Klaus Maier-Hein

Autoencoders are neural network formulations where the input and output of the network are identical and the goal is to identify the hidden representation in the provided datasets. Generally, autoencoders project the data nonlinearly onto a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-10 Debjani Bhowick , Deepak K. Gupta , Saumen Maiti , Uma Shankar

We present a meta-learning framework for weakly supervised anomaly detection in videos, where the detector learns to adapt to unseen types of abnormal activities effectively when only video-level annotations of binary labels are available.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Jaeyoo Park , Junha Kim , Bohyung Han

Autoencoders are composed of coding and decoding units, hence they hold the inherent potential of high-performance data compression and signal compressed sensing. The main disadvantages of current autoencoders comprise the following several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Honggui Li , Dimitri Galayko , Maria Trocan , Mohamad Sawan

Autoencoders are frequently used for anomaly detection, both in the unsupervised and semi-supervised settings. They rely on the assumption that when trained using the reconstruction loss, they will be able to reconstruct normal data more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Roel Bouman , Tom Heskes

Unsupervised learning-based anomaly detection in latent space has gained importance since discriminating anomalies from normal data becomes difficult in high-dimensional space. Both density estimation and distance-based methods to detect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Padmaksha Roy

Pathological anomalies exhibit diverse appearances in medical imaging, making it difficult to collect and annotate a representative amount of data required to train deep learning models in a supervised setting. Therefore, in this work, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-18 Mariana-Iuliana Georgescu

In image anomaly detection, Autoencoders are the popular methods that reconstruct the input image that might contain anomalies and output a clean image with no abnormalities. These Autoencoder-based methods usually calculate the anomaly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-24 Masaki Nakanishi , Kazuki Sato , Hideo Terada

Anomaly detection consists in identifying, within a dataset, those samples that significantly differ from the majority of the data, representing the normal class. It has many practical applications, e.g. ranging from defective product…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Pankaj Mishra , Claudio Piciarelli , Gian Luca Foresti

We focus on automatic feature extraction for raw audio heartbeat sounds, aimed at anomaly detection applications in healthcare. We learn features with the help of an autoencoder composed by a 1D non-causal convolutional encoder and a…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Robert-George Colt , Csongor-Huba Várady , Riccardo Volpi , Luigi Malagò

The current practice of manually processing features for high-dimensional and heterogeneous aviation data is labor-intensive, does not scale well to new problems, and is prone to information loss, affecting the effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Liya Wang , Panta Lucic , Keith Campbell , Craig Wanke

Over the past years, the ever-growing trend on data storage demand, more specifically for "cold" data (rarely accessed data), has motivated research for alternative systems of data storage. Because of its biochemical characteristics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Xavier Pic , Marc Antonini

This paper introduces a novel anomaly detection framework that combines the robust statistical principles of density-estimation-based anomaly detection methods with the representation-learning capabilities of deep learning models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Joseph Gallego-Mejia , Oscar Bustos-Brinez , Fabio A. González

Deep autoencoder has been extensively used for anomaly detection. Training on the normal data, the autoencoder is expected to produce higher reconstruction error for the abnormal inputs than the normal ones, which is adopted as a criterion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Dong Gong , Lingqiao Liu , Vuong Le , Budhaditya Saha , Moussa Reda Mansour , Svetha Venkatesh , Anton van den Hengel

With the resurgence of interest in neural networks, representation learning has re-emerged as a central focus in artificial intelligence. Representation learning refers to the discovery of useful encodings of data that make domain-relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-19 Karl Ridgeway

Unsupervised anomaly localization aims to identify anomalous regions that deviate from normal sample patterns. Most recent methods perform feature matching or reconstruction for the target sample with pre-trained deep neural networks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Katsuya Hotta , Chao Zhang , Yoshihiro Hagihara , Takuya Akashi

Representation of data on mixed variables, numerical and categorical types to get suitable feature map is a challenging task as important information lies in a complex non-linear manifold. The feature transformation should be able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Saswata Sahoo , Souradip Chakraborty
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