Related papers: Escrows are optics
We consider the problem of cross-chain payment whereby customers of different escrows---implemented by a bank or a blockchain smart contract---successfully transfer digital assets without trusting each other. Prior to this work, cross-chain…
We study the design of mechanisms -- e.g., auctions -- when the designer does not control information flows between mechanism participants. A mechanism equilibrium is leakage-proof if no player conditions their actions on leaked…
Combinatorics, like computer science, often has to deal with large objects of unspecified (or unusable) structure. One powerful way to deal with such an arbitrary object is to decompose it into more usable components. In particular, it has…
Spin glasses are disordered magnetic systems that exhibit a variety of properties that are characteristic of complex systems. After a brief review of basic spin glass concepts, their use in areas such as computer science, biology, and other…
An arrangement of pseudocircles is a finite set of oriented closed Jordan curves each two of which cross each other in exactly two points. To describe the combinatorial structure of arrangements on closed orientable surfaces, in (Linhart,…
Cryptographic Protocols (CP) are distributed algorithms intended for secure communication in an insecure environment. They are used, for example, in electronic payments, electronic voting procedures, systems of confidential data processing,…
A new generalisation of the notion of space, called "vectoid", is suggested in this work. Basic definitions, examples and properties are presented, as well as a construction of direct product of vectoids. Proofs of more complicated…
Financial markets are a typical example of complex systems where interactions between constituents lead to many remarkable features. Here, we show that a pairwise maximum entropy model (or auto-logistic model) is able to describe switches…
Several intrinsic topological ways to encode connections on vector bundles on smooth complex algebraic curves will be described. In particular the notion of {\em Stokes decompositions} will be formalised, as a convenient intermediate…
We document and analyze the empirical facts concerning one of the clearest evidence of speculation in financial trading as observed in the postage collection stamp market. We unravel some of the mechanisms of speculative behavior which…
The present work is dedicated to searching parameters, alternative to entropy, applicable for description of highly organized systems. The general concept has been offered, in which the system complexity and order are functions of the order…
We introduce a theory for encoding and manipulating algebraic data on categories via $\textit{concentration structures}$, which are equivalence relations on morphisms that satisfy certain axioms. For any category with a concentration…
Informally, steganography is the process of exchanging a secret message between two communicating entities so that an eavesdropper may not know that a message has been sent. After a review of some steganographic systems, we found that these…
A (closed) dynamical system is a notion of how things can be, together with a notion of how they may change given how they are. The idea and mathematics of closed dynamical systems has proven incredibly useful in those sciences that can…
In many sharing-economy applications, as well as in conventional economy applications, one wishes to regulate the behaviour of an ensemble of agents with guarantees on both the regulation of the ensemble in aggregate and the revenue or…
A concept of "evolving categories" is suggested to build a simple, scalable, mathematically consistent framework for representing in uniform way both data and algorithms. A state machine for executing algorithms becomes clear, rich and…
The enforcement of security policies in outsourced environments is still an open challenge for policy-based systems. On the one hand, taking the appropriate security decision requires access to the policies. However, if such access is…
We study the monopolist's screening problem with a multi-dimensional distribution of consumers and a one-dimensional space of goods. We establish general conditions under which solutions satisfy a structural condition known as nestedness,…
We study how to unwind stochastic order flow with minimal transaction costs. Stochastic order flow arises, e.g., in the central risk book (CRB), a centralized trading desk that aggregates order flows within a financial institution. The desk…
A market model in Stochastic Portfolio Theory is a finite system of strictly positive stochastic processes. Each process represents the capitalization of a certain stock. If at any time no stock dominates almost the entire market, which…