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In atmospheric and turbulent flow modeling, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is often used to reduce computational cost, while observational data typically originates from the underlying physical system. Motivated by this setting, we study a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Adam Larios , Ali Pakzad , Nicholas White

Data assimilation combines information from physical observations and numerical simulation results to obtain better estimates of the state and parameters of a physical system. A wide class of physical systems of interest have solutions that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Amit N. Subrahmanya , Adrian Sandu

This paper reviews results from the study of wall-bounded turbulent flows using statistical state dynamics (SSD) that demonstrate the benefits of adopting this perspective for understanding turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows. The SSD…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-02-10 Brian F. Farrell , Dennice F. Gayme , Petros J. Ioannou

Inferring the state and unknown parameters of a network of coupled oscillators is of utmost importance. This task is made harder when only partial and noisy observations are available, which is a typical scenario in realistic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-04-07 Lauren D. Smith , Georg A. Gottwald

Data assimilation (DA) integrates observational data with numerical models to improve the prediction of complex physical systems. However, traditional DA methods often struggle with nonlinear dynamics and multi-scale variability,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Hyeonggeun Yun , Quanling Deng

We propose closed-form conditional diffusion models for data assimilation. Diffusion models use data to learn the score function (defined as the gradient of the log-probability density of a data distribution), allowing them to generate new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Brianna Binder , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Assad Oberai

The Gray--Scott model governs the interaction of two chemical species via a system of reaction-diffusion equations. Despite its simple form, it produces extremely rich patterns such as spots, stripes, waves, and labyrinths. That makes it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Tsiry Avisoa Randrianasolo

This work introduces a novel nonlinear optimal filtering method, termed the Ensemble Schr{\"o}dinger Bridge nonlinear filter. The proposed filter combines the standard prediction step with a diffusion-generative-modeling-based analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hui Sun

Variational data assimilation estimates the dynamical system states by minimizing a cost function that fits the numerical models with the observational data. Although four-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) is widely used, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yiming Yang , Xiaoyuan Cheng , Daniel Giles , Sibo Cheng , Yi He , Xiao Xue , Boli Chen , Yukun Hu

In this article we develop algorithms for data assimilation based upon a computational time dependent stable/unstable splitting. Our particular method is based upon shadowing refinement and synchronization techniques and is motivated by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Bart de Leeuw , Svetlana Dubinkina , Jason Frank , Andrew Steyer , Xuemin Tu , Erik Van Vleck

We apply two data assimilation (DA) methods, a smoother and a filter, and a model-free machine learning (ML) shallow network to forecast two weakly turbulent systems. We analyse the effect of the spatial sparsity of observations on accuracy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-16 Vikrant Gupta , Yuanqing Chen , Minping Wan

High-fidelity numerical simulations of chaotic, high dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems are computationally expensive, necessitating the development of efficient surrogate models. Most surrogate models for such systems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Dibyajyoti Chakraborty , Hojin Kim , Romit Maulik

In this study, we analyzed a continuous data assimilation scheme applied on a double-diffusive natural convection model. The algorithm is introduced with a first order backward Euler time scheme along with a finite element discretization in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Mine Akbas , Aytekin Cibik

Data assimilation aims to estimate the states of a dynamical system by optimally combining sparse and noisy observations of the physical system with uncertain forecasts produced by a computational model. The states of many dynamical systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-08 Amit N. Subrahmanya , Andrey A. Popov , Reid J. Gomillion , Adrian Sandu

Data-driven prediction and physics-agnostic machine-learning methods have attracted increased interest in recent years achieving forecast horizons going well beyond those to be expected for chaotic dynamical systems. In a separate strand of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-05-19 Georg A. Gottwald , Sebastian Reich

We present a new continuous data assimilation algorithm based on ideas that have been developed for designing finite-dimensional feedback controls for dissipative dynamical systems, in particular, in the context of the incompressible…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-15 Abderrahim Azouani , Eric Olson , Edriss S. Titi

Using a very cheap Data Assimilation (DA) method, I show an alternative approach to classical DA for numerical climate models which produce a large amount of "big data". The problematic features of state-of-the-art high resolution Regional…

Applications · Statistics 2016-10-12 Bijan Fallah

A novel method, based on the combination of data assimilation and machine learning is introduced. The new hybrid approach is designed for a two-fold scope: (i) emulating hidden, possibly chaotic, dynamics and (ii) predicting their future…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-27 Julien Brajard , Alberto Carassi , Marc Bocquet , Laurent Bertino

Data assimilation (DA) enables hydrologic models to update their internal states using near-real-time observations for more accurate forecasts. With deep neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTM), using either lagged observations…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-25 Amirmoez Jamaat , Yalan Song , Farshid Rahmani , Jiangtao Liu , Kathryn Lawson , Chaopeng Shen

Data assimilation, consisting in the combination of a dynamical model with a set of noisy and incomplete observations in order to infer the state of a system over time, involves uncertainty in most settings. Building upon an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anthony Frion , David S Greenberg
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