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Related papers: Measuring Spin from Relative Photon Ring Sizes

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Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes, we show that a suitable subtraction of the linear polarization per pixel from total intensity images can enhance the photon ring features. We find that the…

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is providing unprecedented high-resolution images of supermassive black holes. These images are fundamentally related to properties of the luminous accretion disks, since black holes themselves produce no…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-13 Alexandra G. Guerrero , Daniel E. Holz

The Event Horizon Telescope has released polarized images of the supermassive black holes Messier 87* (M87*) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) accretion disks. As more images are produced, our understanding of the average polarized emission from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-10 Daniel C. M. Palumbo

In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-05 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 micro-as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-08 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

We propose a new procedure for measuring the spin of a black hole with an unprecedented accuracy based on the gravitational lensing of millisecond pulsars. We derive the basic equations for lensing by a rotating black hole. We show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-28 Amjad Ashoorioon , Mohammad Bagher Jahani Poshteh , Robert B. Mann

We investigate whether photon ring observations in black hole imaging are able to distinguish between the Kerr black hole in general relativity and alternative black holes that deviate from Kerr. Certain aspects of photon rings have been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-28 Seppe Staelens , Daniel R. Mayerson , Fabio Bacchini , Bart Ripperda , Lorenzo Küchler

Black hole images are theoretically predicted (under mild astrophysical assumptions) to display a stack of lensed "photon rings" that carry information about the underlying spacetime geometry. Despite vigorous efforts, no such ring has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-25 Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Alexandru Lupsasca

We explore the universal symmetries of the black hole photon ring in a wide range of non-Kerr spacetimes, including the Kerr-Newman, Kerr-Sen, Kerr-Bardeen, and Kerr-Hayward metrics. The demagnification exponent ($\gamma$) controls the size…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-27 Rahul Kumar Walia , Prashant Kocherlakota , Dominic O. Chang , Kiana Salehi

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has recently released the first image of a black hole (BH), opening a new window onto tests of general relativity in the strong field regime. In this paper, we derive constraints on the nature…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-24 Cosimo Bambi , Katherine Freese , Sunny Vagnozzi , Luca Visinelli

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has imaged two supermassive black holes, Messier 87* (M87*) and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI). The theoretical analyses of each source suggest magnetically arrested…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-16 Kaitlyn M. Shavelle , Daniel C. M. Palumbo

We propose a new method for black hole spin measurement. In this method, we consider a gas blob or ring falling onto a black hole from the marginally stable orbit, keeping its initial orbital angular momentum. We calculate the gas motion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-17 Kotaro Moriyama , Shin Mineshige

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), an orbiting, multi-band, millimeter radio-telescope, in hybrid combination with millimeter terrestrial radio-telescopes, is designed to discover and measure the thin photon ring around the supermassive black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-17 Peter Galison , Michael D. Johnson , Alexandru Lupsasca , Trevor Gravely , Roman Berens

Very-long baseline interferometric observations have resolved structure on scales of only a few Schwarzschild radii around the supermassive black holes at the centers of our Galaxy and M87. In the near future, such observations are expected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Tim Johannsen

We propose a method to determine the mass and spin of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $5\times 10^7-10^{12}$ kg (Hawking temperatures $\sim10$ MeV $-200$ GeV), based on measuring the energy of specific features in the photon…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Marco Calzà , João G. Rosa

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole M87* depict an asymmetric ring of emission. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of M87* and its accretion disk predict that the amplitude and location…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-03 Vadim Bernshteyn , Nicholas S. Conroy , Michi Bauböck , Paul Tiede , Abhishek V. Joshi , Ben S. Prather , Charles F. Gammie , the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration , : , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas F. Carlos , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Paul Chichura , Ilje Cho , John E. Conway , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Rohan Dahale , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Marianna Foschi , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , José L. Gómez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Adam C. Jones , Taehyun Jung , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Deokhyeong Lee , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Shaoliang Li , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Hugo Messias , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , Joshua Montgomery , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Hendrik Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Dhanya G. Nair , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Chunchong Ni , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Jongho Park , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Alexander Plavin , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Alexandra Rahlin , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Luciano Rezzolla , Angelo Ricarte , Luca Ricci , Bart Ripperda , Jan Röder , Freek Roelofs , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , León D. S. Salas , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Saurabh , Tuomas Savolainen , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Zhiqiang Shen , Sasikumar Silpa , Randall Smith , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Maciek Wielgus , Kaj Wiik , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn , Qingwen Wu , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Ai-Ling Zeng , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao

High-frequency very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations can now resolve the horizon-scale emission from sources in the immediate vicinity of nearby supermassive black holes. Future space-VLBI observations will access highly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 Frederic H. Vincent , Samuel E. Gralla , Alexandru Lupsasca , Maciek Wielgus

Images of supermassive black hole accretion flows contain features of both curved spacetime and plasma structure. Inferring properties of the spacetime from images requires modeling the plasma properties, and vice versa. The Event Horizon…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-09 Daniel C. M. Palumbo , George N. Wong , Andrew A. Chael , Michael D. Johnson

This research delves into the optical characteristics of stationary, spherically symmetric black holes. These black holes follow the Konoplya-Zhidenko deformation rule in arbitrary gravity theories. This research finds that the effects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-28 Qiao Yue , Zhaoyi Xu , Meirong Tang

The spins of ten stellar black holes have been measured using the continuum-fitting method. These black holes are located in two distinct classes of X-ray binary systems, one that is persistently X-ray bright and another that is transient.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Jeffrey E. McClintock , Ramesh Narayan , James F. Steiner