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Pre-trained language models have achieved promising success in code retrieval tasks, where a natural language documentation query is given to find the most relevant existing code snippet. However, existing models focus only on optimizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Dong Li , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin , Yi Mao , Kuan Wang , Weizhu Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally relies on scalar reward signals, limiting its ability to leverage the rich semantic knowledge often available in real-world tasks. In contrast, humans learn efficiently by combining numerical…

To accelerate software development, much research has been performed to help people understand and reuse the huge amount of available code resources. Two important tasks have been widely studied: code retrieval, which aims to retrieve code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Ziyu Yao , Jayavardhan Reddy Peddamail , Huan Sun

Query-focused Summarization (QfS) deals with systems that generate summaries from document(s) based on a query. Motivated by the insight that Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a generalization to Supervised Learning (SL) for Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Swaroop Nath , Harshad Khadilkar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Millions of repetitive code snippets are submitted to code repositories every day. To search from these large codebases using simple natural language queries would allow programmers to ideate, prototype, and develop easier and faster.…

Reasoning-augmented search agents, such as Search-R1, are trained to reason, search, and generate the final answer iteratively. Nevertheless, due to their limited capabilities in reasoning and search, their performance on multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Anbang Xu

With the recent explosion in the size and complexity of source codebases and software projects, the need for efficient source code search engines has increased dramatically. Unfortunately, existing information retrieval-based methods fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Muhammad Khalifa

Code retrieval is allowing software engineers to search codes through a natural language query, which relies on both natural language processing and software engineering techniques. There have been several attempts on code retrieval from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Mehdi Bahrami , N. C. Shrikanth , Yuji Mizobuchi , Lei Liu , Masahiro Fukuyori , Wei-Peng Chen , Kazuki Munakata

Repository-level code completion remains a challenging task for existing code large language models (code LLMs) due to their limited understanding of repository-specific context and domain knowledge. While retrieval-augmented generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tianyue Jiang , Yanli Wang , Yanlin Wang , Daya Guo , Ensheng Shi , Yuchi Ma , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities not only in reasoning but also in invoking external tools, particularly search engines. However, teaching models to discern when to invoke search and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLM), reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal technique for code generation and optimization in various domains. This paper presents a systematic survey of the application of…

To obtain code snippets for reuse, programmers prefer to search for related documents, e.g., blogs or Q&A, instead of code itself. The major reason is due to the semantic diversity and mismatch between queries and code snippets. Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Zhensu Sun , Yan Liu , Chen Yang , Yu Qian

A prerequisite for coding agents to perform tasks on large repositories is code localization - the identification of relevant files, classes, and functions to work on. While repository-level code localization has been performed using…

Code provides a general syntactic structure to build complex programs and perform precise computations when paired with a code interpreter - we hypothesize that language models (LMs) can leverage code-writing to improve Chain of Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Chengshu Li , Jacky Liang , Andy Zeng , Xinyun Chen , Karol Hausman , Dorsa Sadigh , Sergey Levine , Li Fei-Fei , Fei Xia , Brian Ichter

"High Quality Related Search Query Suggestions" task aims at recommending search queries which are real, accurate, diverse, relevant and engaging. Obtaining large amounts of query-quality human annotations is expensive. Prior work on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Praveen Kumar Bodigutla

In the ongoing race towards experimental implementations of quantum error correction (QEC), finding ways to automatically discover codes and encoding strategies tailored to the qubit hardware platform is emerging as a critical problem.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Jan Olle , Remmy Zen , Matteo Puviani , Florian Marquardt

Code embeddings capture the semantic representations of code and are crucial for various code-related large language model (LLM) applications, such as code search. Previous training primarily relies on optimizing the InfoNCE loss by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zuchen Gao , Zizheng Zhan , Xianming Li , Erxin Yu , Ziqi Zhan , Haotian Zhang , Bin Chen , Yuqun Zhang , Jing Li

Code search engine is an essential tool in software development. Many code search methods have sprung up, focusing on the overall ranking performance of code search. In this paper, we study code search from another perspective by analyzing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sheng Zhang , Hui Li , Yanlin Wang , Zhao Wei , Yong Xiu , Juhong Wang , Rongong Ji

Quantum machine learning (QML) has attracted considerable research interest, yet whether it offers practical benefits over classical approaches remains an open question. The choice of data encoding significantly influences QML performance,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Lena Tokuhiro , Amine Bentellis , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Query optimization is a crucial component for the efficacy of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. While reinforcement learning (RL)-based agentic and reasoning methods have recently emerged as a promising direction on query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Wei Wen , Sihang Deng , Tianjun Wei , Keyu Chen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun