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The mass measurement of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a very complex task. Between several methods for SMBH mass measurements, some of them use the spectral lines, which indicate the motion of the emitting/absorbing material around an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-24 Luka Č. Popović

Next-generation ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are expected to observe millions of binary black hole mergers, a fraction of which will be strongly lensed by intervening galaxies or clusters, producing multiple images with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-16 Huan Zhou , Bin Liu , Zheng-Xiang Li , Xi-Jing Wang , Kai Liao

Galaxies with stellar bulges are generically observed to host supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The hierarchical merging of galaxies should therefore lead to the formation of SMBH binaries. Merging of old massive galaxies with little gas…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Loren Hoffman , Abraham Loeb

During the final stages of a galaxy merger, dynamical friction acting on the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the post-merger remnant can lead to the formation of a gravitationally bound binary SMBH. In the event that at least one of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-25 Peter Breiding , Michael Eracleous , Tamara Bogdanović , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , T. Joseph W. Lazio

Dual supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with kiloparsec scale separations in merger-remnant galaxies are informative tracers of galaxy evolution, but the avenue for identifying them in large numbers for such studies is not yet clear. One…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Julia M. Comerford , Kyle Schluns , Jenny E. Greene , Richard J. Cool

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with masses below ($2 \times 10^5 M_{\odot}$) are pivotal in understanding the origin and growth mechanisms of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. This study focuses on the search and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-03 V. Goradzhanov , I. Chilingarian , M. Demianenko , I. Katkov , K. Grishin , V. Toptun , E. Rubtsov , D. Gasymov , I. Kuzmin

In this work, we study how to infer the orbit of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) by time-dependent measurements with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), such as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Assuming a point-like…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-14 Yun Fang , Huan Yang

We investigated whether the two recently discovered nuclei in NGC7727 both host a super-massive black hole (SMBH). We used the high spatial resolution mode of the integral-field spectrograph MUSE on the VLT in adaptive optics mode to…

A significant number of stellar-mass black-hole (BH) binaries may merge in galactic nuclei or in the surrounding gas disks. With purposed space-borne gravitational-wave observatories, we may use such a binary as a signal carrier to probe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-20 Hang Yu , Yanbei Chen

Accreting supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) are potential targets for multi-messenger astronomy as they emit gravitational waves (GW) while their environment emits electromagnetic (EM) waves. In order to get the most out of a joint…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-04 Raphaël Mignon-Risse , Peggy Varniere , Fabien Casse

We perform a systematic search for sub-parsec binary supermassive black holes (BHs) in normal broad line quasars at z<0.8, using multi-epoch SDSS spectroscopy of the broad Hbeta line. Our working model is that: only one of the two BHs in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Yue Shen , Xin Liu , Abraham Loeb , Scott Tremaine

We present analysis of Chandra X-ray observations of seven quasars that were identified as candidate sub-parsec binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) systems in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS) based on apparent periodicity in…

In this paper we propose a new way to detect sublunar-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) by direct observations of the Earth-Moon binary system.Our method is based on treating PBH as a perturbation term, by assuming that the PBH is far away…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-26 Ya-Ling Li , Guo-Qing Huang , Zong-Qiang Huang , Fu-Wen Shu

We present new spectroscopic observations that are part of our continuing monitoring campaign of 88 quasars at z<0.7 whose broad H$\beta$ lines are offset from their systemic redshifts by a few thousand km/s. These quasars have been…

Binary-black-hole (BBH) mergers can take place close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) while being in a bound orbit around the SMBH. In this paper, we study such bound triple systems and show that including the strong gravity effects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-05 Filippo Camilloni , Gianluca Grignani , Troels Harmark , Marta Orselli , Daniele Pica

The environment surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei (GNs) is expected to harbour stellar-mass binary black hole (BBH) populations. These binaries were suggested to form a hierarchical triple system with the SMBH,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-21 László Gondán

The detection of gravitational waves from binary black holes (BBHs) started the hunt for their pre-merger electromagnetic emission. In that respect, numerical simulations have been looking for the "smoking gun" signal that could help…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-07 Peggy Varniere , Raphaël Mignon-Risse , Fabien Casse

Periodic variability in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a promising method for studying sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), which are a challenging detection target. While extensive searches have been made in the optical,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-13 Di Luo , Ning Jiang , Xin Liu

We find that the majority of systems hosting multiple tidal disruptions are likely to contain hard binary SMBH systems, and also show that the rates of these repeated events are high enough to be detected by LSST over its lifetime.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Christopher Wegg , J. Nate Bode

In several previous studies, quasars exhibiting broad emission lines with >1000 km/s velocity offsets with respect to the host galaxy rest frame have been discovered. One leading hypothesis for the origin of these velocity-offset broad…