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Reinforcement learning (RL) systems have countless applications, from energy-grid management to protein design. However, such real-world scenarios are often extremely difficult, combinatorial in nature, and require complex coordination…

This paper introduces a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing the operations of power plants pairing renewable energy with storage. The objective is to maximize revenue from energy markets while minimizing storage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lucien Werner , Peeyush Kumar

Real-world control systems require policies that are not only high-performing but also interpretable and robust. A promising direction toward this goal is model-based control, which learns system dynamics and cost functions from historical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Yuexin Bian , Jie Feng , Yuanyuan Shi

In this paper, we develop a method for learning a control policy guaranteed to satisfy an affine state constraint of high relative degree in closed loop with a black-box system. Previous reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to satisfy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Kartik Nagpal , Negar Mehr

An important challenge in multi-objective reinforcement learning is obtaining a Pareto front of policies to attain optimal performance under different preferences. We introduce Iterated Pareto Referent Optimisation (IPRO), which decomposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Willem Röpke , Mathieu Reymond , Patrick Mannion , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé , Roxana Rădulescu

This paper considers the problem of learning safe policies in the context of reinforcement learning (RL). In particular, we consider the notion of probabilistic safety. This is, we aim to design policies that maintain the state of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Weiqin Chen , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Santiago Paternain

Image-based reinforcement learning (RL) faces significant challenges in generalization when the visual environment undergoes substantial changes between training and deployment. Under such circumstances, learned policies may not perform…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Weiyao Wang , Xinyuan Fang , Gregory D. Hager

Action-constrained reinforcement learning (RL) is a widely-used approach in various real-world applications, such as scheduling in networked systems with resource constraints and control of a robot with kinematic constraints. While the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Jyun-Li Lin , Wei Hung , Shang-Hsuan Yang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Xi Liu

We propose a new family of neural networks to predict the behaviors of physical systems by learning their underpinning constraints. A neural projection operator lies at the heart of our approach, composed of a lightweight network with an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Shuqi Yang , Xingzhe He , Bo Zhu

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to maximize the return while adhering to predefined constraint limits, which represent domain-specific safety requirements. In continuous control settings, where learning agents govern system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Somnath Hazra , Pallab Dasgupta , Soumyajit Dey

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have recently made significant strides in improving network performance. Nonetheless, their practical use is still limited in the absence of safe exploration and safe decision-making. In the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Lam Dinh , Pham Tran Anh Quang , Jérémie Leguay

In coming up with solutions to real-world problems, humans implicitly adhere to constraints that are too numerous and complex to be specified completely. However, reinforcement learning (RL) agents need these constraints to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Guiliang Liu , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

Many sequential decision-making tasks involve optimizing multiple conflicting objectives, requiring policies that adapt to different user preferences. In multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL), one widely studied approach} addresses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ying-Tu Chen , Wei Hung , Bing-Shu Wu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Ping-Chun Hsieh

Reinforcement learning has traditionally focused on a singular objective: learning policies that select actions to maximize reward. We challenge this paradigm by asking: what if we explicitly architected RL systems as inference engines that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mehrdad Zakershahrak

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has gained increasing attention in control engineering. Especially, policy gradient methods are widely used. In this work, we improve the tracking performance of proximal policy optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Jana Mayer , Johannes Westermann , Juan Pedro Gutiérrez H. Muriedas , Uwe Mettin , Alexander Lampe

Reinforcement learning (RL) policies are typically trained for fixed objectives, making reuse difficult when task requirements change. We study inference-time policy reuse: given a library of pre-trained policies and a new composite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ihor Vitenko , Noha Ibrahim , Sihem Amer-Yahia

Recent advancements in machine learning based energy management approaches, specifically reinforcement learning with a safety layer (OptLayerPolicy) and a metaheuristic algorithm generating a decision tree control policy (TreeC), have shown…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Julian Ruddick , Glenn Ceusters , Gilles Van Kriekinge , Evgenii Genov , Cedric De Cauwer , Thierry Coosemans , Maarten Messagie

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha

This research gauges the ability of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques to assist the control of conjugate heat transfer systems governed by the coupled Navier--Stokes and heat equations. It uses a novel, "degenerate" version of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-25 Elie Hachem , Hassan Ghraieb , Jonathan Viquerat , Aurélien Larcher , Philippe Meliga

While reinforcement learning produces very promising results for many applications, its main disadvantage is the lack of safety guarantees, which prevents its use in safety-critical systems. In this work, we address this issue by a safety…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Niklas Kochdumper , Hanna Krasowski , Xiao Wang , Stanley Bak , Matthias Althoff