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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) emerged as a promising solution in the field of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), attracting the attention of researchers due to their ability to mimic the human brain and process complex information with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Pavithra Koralalage , Ireoluwa Fakeye , Pedro Machado , Jason Smith , Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Salisu Wada Yahaya , Andreas Oikonomou , Ahmad Lotfi

We propose a novel backpropagation algorithm for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) that encodes information in the relative multiple spike timing of individual neurons without single-spike restrictions. The proposed algorithm inherits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kakei Yamamoto , Yusuke Sakemi , Kazuyuki Aihara

The spiking neural network (SNN) computes and communicates information through discrete binary events. It is considered more biologically plausible and more energy-efficient than artificial neural networks (ANN) in emerging neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yang Li , Yi Zeng , Dongcheng Zhao

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are bio-inspired models of neural computation that have proven highly effective. Still, ANNs lack a natural notion of time, and neural units in ANNs exchange analog values in a frame-based manner, a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Davide Zambrano , Roeland Nusselder , H. Steven Scholte , Sander Bohte

Brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the characteristics of event-driven and high energy-efficient, which are different from traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) when deployed on edge devices such as neuromorphic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Jue Chen , Huan Yuan , Jianchao Tan , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang

As spiking neural networks (SNNs) are deployed increasingly in real-world efficiency critical applications, the security concerns in SNNs attract more attention. Currently, researchers have already demonstrated an SNN can be attacked with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ling Liang , Kaidi Xu , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yuan Xie

The field of machine learning has been greatly transformed with the advancement of deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the increased availability of annotated data. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a low-power…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Marc Baltes , Nidal Abujahar , Ye Yue , Charles D. Smith , Jundong Liu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) operating with asynchronous discrete events show higher energy efficiency with sparse computation. A popular approach for implementing deep SNNs is ANN-SNN conversion combining both efficient training of ANNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Ziming Wang , Shuang Lian , Yuhao Zhang , Xiaoxin Cui , Rui Yan , Huajin Tang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention as a promising alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their potential for energy efficiency and their ability to model spiking behavior in biological systems.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Hadjer Benmeziane , Amine Ziad Ounnoughene , Imane Hamzaoui , Younes Bouhadjar

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have garnered attention over recent years due to their increased energy efficiency and advantages in terms of operational complexity compared to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Two important…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Daniel Windhager , Lothar Ratschbacher , Bernhard A. Moser , Michael Lunglmayr

Recently spiking neural networks (SNNs), the third-generation of neural networks has shown remarkable capabilities of energy-efficient computing, which is a promising alternative for deep neural networks (DNNs) with high energy consumption.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Yihao Luo , Min Xu , Caihong Yuan , Xiang Cao , Liangqi Zhang , Yan Xu , Tianjiang Wang , Qi Feng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer an energy efficient alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) but typically still require a large number of parameters. This work introduces Linearized Bregman Iterations (LBI) as an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Daniel Windhager , Bernhard A. Moser , Michael Lunglmayr

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been proposed as biologically plausible and energy-efficient alternatives to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, the training of SNN usually relies on surrogate gradients due to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Himanshu Udupi , Xiaocong Yang , ChengXiang Zhai

In the past decade, advances in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have allowed them to perform extremely well for a wide range of tasks. In fact, they have reached human parity when performing image recognition, for example. Unfortunately,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Srivatsa P , Kyle Timothy Ng Chu , Burin Amornpaisannon , Yaswanth Tavva , Venkata Pavan Kumar Miriyala , Jibin Wu , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li , Trevor E. Carlson

Over the past few years, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have become popular as a possible pathway to enable low-power event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, their application in machine learning have largely been limited to very…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Abhronil Sengupta , Yuting Ye , Robert Wang , Chiao Liu , Kaushik Roy

As neural networks get widespread adoption in resource-constrained embedded devices, there is a growing need for low-power neural systems. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs)are emerging to be an energy-efficient alternative to the traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Youngeun Kim , Leandros Tassiulas , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), recognized as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), have advanced rapidly through the scaling of models and datasets. However, such scaling incurs considerable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chenxiang Ma , Xinyi Chen , Yujie Wu , Kay Chen Tan , Jibin Wu

Spiking neural network (SNN) has been attached to great importance due to the properties of high biological plausibility and low energy consumption on neuromorphic hardware. As an efficient method to obtain deep SNN, the conversion method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Yang Li , Xiang He , Yiting Dong , Qingqun Kong , Yi Zeng

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a more energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by mimicking biological neural principles, establishing them as a promising approach to mitigate the increasing energy demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Velibor Bojković , Xiaofeng Wu , Bin Gu

Sparse neural networks have been widely applied to reduce the computational demands of training and deploying over-parameterized deep neural networks. For inference acceleration, methods that discover a sparse network from a pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy