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It is known that the equilibrium properties of open classical systems that are strongly coupled to a heat bath are described by a set of thermodynamic potentials related to the system's Hamiltonian of mean force. By adapting this framework…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Harry J. D. Miller , Janet Anders

The power spectral density of an observable quantifies the amount of fluctuations at a given frequency and can reveal the influence of different timescales on the observable's dynamics. Here, we show that the spectral density in a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-02 Andreas Dechant

The entropy production rate is central to the study of non-equilibrium systems. This parameter is closely connected to violation of time-reversal symmetry, energy consumption, efficiency, and other properties of interest; in short, it…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-28 John W. Biddle

We extend the canonical Gibbs distribution, originally formulated for systems at equilibrium, to systems driven out of equilibrium. The stochastic dynamics of a small system are described by a probability distribution over discrete energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jean-Luc Garden

The Markovian evolution of an open quantum system is characterized by a positive entropy production, while the global entropy gets redistributed between the system and the environment degrees of freedom. Starting from these premises, we…

We show that a reversible pumping mechanism operating between two states of a kinetic network can give rise to Poisson transitions between these two states. An external observer, for whom the pumping mechanism is not accessible, will…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-06 Massimiliano Esposito , Juan MR Parrondo

In the general process of eliminating dynamic variables in Markovian models, there exists a difference in the irreversible entropy production between the original and reduced dynamics. We call this difference the hidden entropy production,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-28 Kyogo Kawaguchi , Yohei Nakayama

The probability distribution of the total entropy production in the non-equilibrium steady state follows a symmetry relation called the fluctuation theorem. When a certain part of the system is masked or hidden, it is difficult to infer the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-29 Deepak Gupta , Sanjib Sabhapandit

Bounding and estimating entropy production has long been an important goal of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We recently derived a lower bound on the total and subsystem entropy production rates of continuous stochastic systems. This…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-29 Matthew P. Leighton , David A. Sivak

We connect two recent advances in the stochastic analysis of nonequilibrium systems: the (loose) uncertainty principle for the currents, which states that statistical errors are bounded by thermodynamic dissipation; and the analysis of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-04 M. Polettini , A. Lazarescu , M. Esposito

Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they dissipate heat, thereby increasing the net entropy of their environment. Recently introduced…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Dominic J. Skinner , Jörn Dunkel

We study the thermodynamics of open systems weakly driven out-of-equilibrium by nonconservative and time-dependent forces using the linear regime of stochastic thermodynamics. We make use of conservation laws to identify the potential and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-13 Danilo Forastiere , Riccardo Rao , Massimiliano Esposito

Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for describing small systems like colloids or biomolecules driven out of equilibrium but still in contact with a heat bath. Both, a first-law like energy balance involving exchanged heat and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-05-21 Udo Seifert

We prove that the transport of any differentiable scalar observable in $d$-dimensional non-equilibrium systems is bounded from above by the total entropy production scaled by the amount the observation "stretches" microscopic coordinates.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-10 Cai Dieball , Aljaž Godec

Stochastic thermodynamics extends the notions and relations of classical thermodynamics to small systems that experience strong fluctuations. The definitions of work and heat and the microscopically reversible condition are two key concepts…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-23 Geng Li , Z. C. Tu

Energy flow in bio-molecular motors and machines are vital to their function. Yet experimental observations are often limited to a small subset of variables that participate in energy transport and dissipation. Here we show, through a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-17 Shou-Wen Wang , Kyogo Kawaguchi , Shin-ichi Sasa , Lei-Han Tang

Generalizing response theory of open systems far from equilibrium is a central quest of nonequilibrium statistical physics. Using stochastic thermodynamics, we develop an algebraic method to study the response of nonequilibrium steady state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-09 Timur Aslyamov , Massimiliano Esposito

Recently, the theoretical framework of stochastic thermodynamics has been revealed to be useful for macroscopic systems. However, despite its conceptual and practical importance, the connection to hydrodynamics has yet to be explored. In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-21 Kohei Yoshimura , Sosuke Ito

At present, the problem to steer a non-Markovian process with minimum energy between specified end-point marginal distributions remains unsolved. Herein, we consider the special case for a non-Markovian process y(t) which, however, assumes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Daniele Alpago , Yongxin Chen , Tryphon Georgiou , Michele Pavon

The entropy production is commonly interpreted as measuring the distance from equilibrium. However, this explanation lacks a rigorous description due to the absence of a natural equilibrium measure. The present analysis formalizes this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-23 David Andrieux