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Word embeddings are powerful representations that form the foundation of many natural language processing architectures, both in English and in other languages. To gain further insight into word embeddings, we explore their stability (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Laura Burdick , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Rada Mihalcea

Uncontextualized word embeddings are reliable feature representations of words used to obtain high quality results for various NLP applications. Given the historical success of word embeddings in NLP, we propose a retrospective on some of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Edward Newell , Kian Kenyon-Dean , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

Natural language processing (NLP) models often require a massive number of parameters for word embeddings, resulting in a large storage or memory footprint. Deploying neural NLP models to mobile devices requires compressing the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Raphael Shu , Hideki Nakayama

Does adding a theorem to a paper affect its chance of acceptance? Does labeling a post with the author's gender affect the post popularity? This paper develops a method to estimate such causal effects from observational text data, adjusting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Victor Veitch , Dhanya Sridhar , David M. Blei

Vector representations of graphs and relational structures, whether hand-crafted feature vectors or learned representations, enable us to apply standard data analysis and machine learning techniques to the structures. A wide range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Martin Grohe

Sentence embedding methods offer a powerful approach for working with short textual constructs or sequences of words. By representing sentences as dense numerical vectors, many natural language processing (NLP) applications have improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Yuan An , Alexander Kalinowski , Jane Greenberg

We generalize principal component analysis for embedding words into a vector space. The generalization is made in two major levels. The first is to generalize the concept of the corpus as a counting process which is defined by three key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ali Basirat , Christian Hardmeier , Joakim Nivre

Word representations are created using analogy context-based statistics and lexical relations on words. Word representations are inputs for the learning models in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. However, to understand language,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong , Ferdous Sohel , Hong Xie

We present hash embeddings, an efficient method for representing words in a continuous vector form. A hash embedding may be seen as an interpolation between a standard word embedding and a word embedding created using a random hash function…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Dan Svenstrup , Jonas Meinertz Hansen , Ole Winther

Learning word embeddings using distributional information is a task that has been studied by many researchers, and a lot of studies are reported in the literature. On the contrary, less studies were done for the case of multiple languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Marco Berlot , Evan Kaplan

The mechanisms of comprehension during language processing remains an open question. Classically, building the meaning of a linguistic utterance is said to be incremental, step-by-step, based on a compositional process. However, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Philippe Blache , Emmanuele Chersoni , Giulia Rambelli , Alessandro Lenci

The fine-tuning of deep pre-trained models has revealed compositional properties, with multiple specialized modules that can be arbitrarily composed into a single, multi-task model. However, identifying the conditions that promote…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Angelo Porrello , Lorenzo Bonicelli , Pietro Buzzega , Monica Millunzi , Simone Calderara , Rita Cucchiara

Compositional generalization is a basic and essential intellective capability of human beings, which allows us to recombine known parts readily. However, existing neural network based models have been proven to be extremely deficient in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Qian Liu , Shengnan An , Jian-Guang Lou , Bei Chen , Zeqi Lin , Yan Gao , Bin Zhou , Nanning Zheng , Dongmei Zhang

Measuring meaning is a central problem in cultural sociology and word embeddings may offer powerful new tools to do so. But like any tool, they build on and exert theoretical assumptions. In this paper I theorize the ways in which word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Alina Arseniev-Koehler

Since the amount of information on the internet is growing rapidly, it is not easy for a user to find relevant information for his/her query. To tackle this issue, much attention has been paid to Automatic Document Summarization. The key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Kamal Al-Sabahi , Zhang Zuping , Yang Kang

This paper presents a joint model for performing unsupervised morphological analysis on words, and learning a character-level composition function from morphemes to word embeddings. Our model splits individual words into segments, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Kris Cao , Marek Rei

Word embeddings have become the basic building blocks for several natural language processing and information retrieval tasks. Pre-trained word embeddings are used in several downstream applications as well as for constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Vikas Raunak

In comparison with document summarization on the articles from social media and newswire, argumentative zoning (AZ) is an important task in scientific paper analysis. Traditional methodology to carry on this task relies on feature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Haixia Liu

Multiword expressions present unique challenges in many translation tasks. In an attempt to ultimately apply a multiword expression detection system to the translation of American Sign Language, we built and tested two systems that apply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Lee Kezar , Aryan Shukla