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In this note, variational Monte Carlo method based on neural quantum states for spin systems is reviewed. Using a neural network as the wave function allows for a more generalized expression of various types of interactions, including…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-06-04 Yuntai Song

Efficient methods to access the entanglement of a quantum many-body state, where the complexity generally scales exponentially with the system size $N$, have long a concern. Here we propose the Schmidt tensor network state (Schmidt TNS)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Peng-Fei Zhou , Ying Lu , Jia-Hao Wang , Shi-Ju Ran

We investigate how Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) encode antiferromagnetic order when trained as variational ans\"atze for one-dimensional Heisenberg spin rings with periodic boundary conditions. Through systematic hidden unit…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-26 Bharadwaj Chowdary Mummaneni , Manas Sajjan

Single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei are the most straightforward extension of atomic nuclei. A thorough description of baryonic system beyond first-generation quark sector is indispensable for the maturation of nuclear $ab$ $initio$ methods. This…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-08-19 Zi-Xiao Zhang , Yi-Long Yang , Wan-Bing He , Peng-Wei Zhao , Bing-Nan Lu , Yu-Gang Ma

Neural quantum states (NQSs) are powerful variational ans\"atze capable of representing highly entangled quantum many-body wavefunctions. While the average entanglement properties of ensembles of restricted Boltzmann machines are well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Andrew Jreissaty , Hang Zhang , Jairo C. Quijano , Juan Carrasquilla , Roeland Wiersema

Fracton models host unconventional topological orders in three and higher dimensions and provide promising candidates for quantum memory platforms. Understanding their robustness against quantum fluctuations is an important task but also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Marc Machaczek , Lode Pollet , Ke Liu

Owing to their great expressivity and versatility, neural networks have gained attention for simulating large two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, their expressivity comes with the cost of a challenging optimization due to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-03-26 Hannah Lange , Guillaume Bornet , Gabriel Emperauger , Cheng Chen , Thierry Lahaye , Stefan Kienle , Antoine Browaeys , Annabelle Bohrdt

Neural network quantum state (NNQS) has emerged as a promising candidate for quantum many-body problems, but its practical applications are often hindered by the high cost of sampling and local energy calculation. We develop a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-02 Yangjun Wu , Chu Guo , Yi Fan , Pengyu Zhou , Honghui Shang

Neural quantum states are a new family of variational ans\"atze for quantum-many body wave functions with advantageous properties in the notoriously challenging case of two spatial dimensions. Since their introduction a wide variety of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-24 Moritz Reh , Markus Schmitt , Martin Gärttner

Quantum many-body problems are some of the most challenging problems in science and are central to demystifying some exotic quantum phenomena, e.g., high-temperature superconductors. The combination of neural networks (NN) for representing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-23 Or Sharir , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan , Anima Anandkumar

Neural-network quantum states (NQS) employ artificial neural networks to encode many-body wave functions in second quantization through variational Monte Carlo (VMC). They have recently been applied to accurately describe electronic wave…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Xiang Li , Jia-Cheng Huang , Guang-Ze Zhang , Hao-En Li , Chang-su Cao , Dingshun Lv , Han-Shi Hu

Machine learning representations of many-body quantum states have recently been introduced as an ansatz to describe the ground states and unitary evolutions of many-body quantum systems. We explore one of the most important representations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-10 Zhih-Ahn Jia , Yuan-Hang Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Liang Kong , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum state preparation is a key step in all digital quantum simulation algorithms. Here we propose methods to initialize on a gate-based quantum computer a general class of quantum spin wave functions, the so-called Valence-Bond-Solid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Bruno Murta , Pedro M. Q. Cruz , J. Fernández-Rossier

Although artificial neural networks have recently been proven to provide a promising new framework for constructing quantum many-body wave functions, the parameterization of a quantum wavefunction with nonabelian symmetries in terms of a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-03-11 Tom Vieijra , Corneel Casert , Jannes Nys , Wesley De Neve , Jutho Haegeman , Jan Ryckebusch , Frank Verstraete

Numerically simulating spinful, fermionic systems is of great interest from the perspective of condensed matter physics. However, the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension with system size renders an exact parameterization of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-10 Hannah Lange , Fabian Döschl , Juan Carrasquilla , Annabelle Bohrdt

Passetti et al. [Physical Review Letters 131, 036502 (2023)] recently assessed the potential of neural quantum states (NQS) in learning ground-state wave functions with volume-law entanglement scaling. They focused on NQS using feedforward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Zakari Denis , Alessandro Sinibaldi , Giuseppe Carleo

Correlator product states (CPS) are a powerful and very broad class of states for quantum lattice systems whose amplitudes can be sampled exactly and efficiently. They work by gluing together states of overlapping clusters of sites on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-16 Stephen R. Clark

Due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension with system size, the simulation of quantum many-body systems has remained a persistent challenge until today. Here, we review a relatively new class of variational states for the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-07-29 Hannah Lange , Anka Van de Walle , Atiye Abedinnia , Annabelle Bohrdt

Neural-network quantum states (NQS) are powerful neural-network ans\"atzes that have emerged as promising tools for studying quantum many-body physics through the lens of the variational principle. These architectures are known to be…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-28 Jake McNaughton , Mohamed Hibat-Allah

Recently, quantum-state representation using artificial neural networks has started to be recognized as a powerful tool. However, due to the black-box nature of machine learning, it is difficult to analyze what machine learns or why it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Yusuke Nomura