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Superimposing visible watermarks on images provides a powerful weapon to cope with the copyright issue. Watermark removal techniques, which can strengthen the robustness of visible watermarks in an adversarial way, have attracted increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-29 Jing Liang , Li Niu , Fengjun Guo , Teng Long , Liqing Zhang

Watermarking embeds imperceptible patterns into images for authenticity verification. However, existing methods often lack robustness against various transformations primarily including distortions, image regeneration, and adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Inzamamul Alam , Md Tanvir Islam , Khan Muhammad , Simon S. Woo

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

We address the problem of watermarking graph objects, which consists in hiding information within them, to prove their origin. The two existing methods to watermark graphs use subgraph matching or graph isomorphism techniques, which are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jade Garcia Bourrée , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Erwan Le Merrer , Othmane Safsafi

With the growth of editing and sharing images through the internet, the importance of protecting the images' authorship has increased. Robust watermarking is a known approach to maintaining copyright protection. Robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Arezoo PariZanganeh , Ghazaleh Ghorbanzadeh , Zahra Nabizadeh ShahreBabak , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

In this paper, a newer version of Walsh-Hadamard Transform namely multiresolution Walsh-Hadamard Transform (MR-WHT) is proposed for images. Further, a robust watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection using MRWHT and singular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-06-25 Gaurav Bhatnagar , Balasubramanian Raman

We introduce models and algorithmic foundations for graph watermarking. Our frameworks include security definitions and proofs, as well as characterizations when graph watermarking is algorithmically feasible, in spite of the fact that the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-06-01 David Eppstein , Michael T. Goodrich , Jenny Lam , Nil Mamano , Michael Mitzenmacher , Manuel Torres

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Increasing production and exchange of multimedia content has increased the need for better protection of copyright by means of watermarking. Different methods have been proposed to satisfy the tradeoff between imperceptibility and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Majid Mohrekesh , Shekoofeh Azizi , Shahram Shirani , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Development of digital content has increased the necessity of copyright protection by means of watermarking. Imperceptibility and robustness are two important features of watermarking algorithms. The goal of watermarking methods is to…

We propose a novel multi-bit box-free watermarking method for the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of GANs with improved robustness against white-box attacks like fine-tuning, pruning, quantization, and surrogate model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Recently, diffusion models (DMs) have become the state-of-the-art method for image synthesis. Editing models based on DMs, known for their high fidelity and precision, have inadvertently introduced new challenges related to image copyright…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mingtian Tan , Tianhao Wang , Somesh Jha

We propose a watermarking method for protecting the Intellectual Property (IP) of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The aim is to watermark the GAN model so that any image generated by the GAN contains an invisible watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Being trained on large and diverse datasets, visual foundation models (VFMs) can be fine-tuned to achieve remarkable performance and efficiency in various downstream computer vision tasks. The high computational cost of data collection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Anna Chistyakova , Mikhail Pautov

The rapid advancement of generative AI has underscored the critical need for identifying image ownership and protecting copyrights. This makes post-processing image watermarking an essential tool -- it involves embedding a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Zhang , Ziping Dong , Qingyu Liu , Yuan Hong , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

Watermarking methods have always been effective means of protecting intellectual property, yet they face significant challenges. Although existing deep learning-based watermarking systems can hide watermarks in images with minimal impact on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xuan Ding , Xiu Yan , Chuanlong Xie , Yao Zhu

Watermarking helps in ensuring originality, ownership and copyrights of a digital image. This paper aims at embedding a Watermark in an image using Wave Atom Transform. Preference of Wave Atoms on other transformations has been due to its…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-08-10 Ijaz Bukhari , Nuhman-ul-Haq , Khizar Hyat

With the growth of digital networks such as the Internet, digital media have been explosively developed in e-commerce and online services. This causes problems such as illegal copy and fake ownership. Watermarking is proposed as one of the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-04-02 Malihe Mardanpour , Mohammad Ali Zare Chahooki

In the domain of software watermarking, we have proposed several graph theoretic watermarking codec systems for encoding watermark numbers $w$ as reducible permutation flow-graphs $F[\pi^*]$ through the use of self-inverting permutations…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Anna Mpanti , Stavros D. Nikolopoulos , Leonidas Palios