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We discuss the complexity of path enumeration and counting in weighted temporal graphs. In a weighted temporal graph, each edge has an availability time, a traversal time and some real cost. We introduce two bicriteria temporal min-cost…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Petra Mutzel , Lutz Oettershagen

We consider the following problem arising from the study of human problem solving: Let $G$ be a vertex-weighted graph with marked "in" and "out" vertices. Suppose a random walker begins at the in-vertex, steps to neighbors of vertices with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-05-28 Joshua N. Cooper

A periodic temporal graph, in its simplest form, is a graph in which every edge appears exactly once in the first $\Delta$ time steps, and then it reappears recurrently every $\Delta$ time steps, where $\Delta$ is a given period length.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-22 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Nils Morawietz , Paul G. Spirakis

In this paper we revisit the classical Edge Disjoint Paths (EDP) problem, where one is given an undirected graph G and a set of terminal pairs P and asks whether G contains a set of pairwise edge-disjoint paths connecting every terminal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Robert Ganian , Sebastian Ordyniak , M. S. Ramanujan

Given an undirected graph $G$, the problem of deciding whether $G$ admits a simple and proper time-labeling that makes it temporally connected is known to be NP-hard (G\"obel et al., 1991). In this article, we relax this problem and ask…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Arnaud Casteigts , Michelle Döring , Nils Morawietz

Let G = (V, E) be a directed acyclic graph with two distinguished vertices s, t and let F be a set of forbidden pairs of vertices. We say that a path in G is safe, if it contains at most one vertex from each pair {u, v} in F. Given G and F,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Jakub Kováč

A temporal graph is a graph in which vertices communicate with each other at specific time, e.g., $A$ calls $B$ at 11 a.m. and talks for 7 minutes, which is modeled by an edge from $A$ to $B$ with starting time "11 a.m." and duration "7…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Huanhuan Wu , Yuzhen Huang , James Cheng , Jinfeng Li , Yiping Ke

Temporal graphs are a class of graphs defined by a constant set of vertices and a changing set of edges, each of which is known as a timestep. These graphs are well motivated in modelling real-world networks, where connections may change…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Duncan Adamson

A temporal graph is a graph whose edges only appear at certain points in time. Reachability in these graphs is defined in terms of paths that traverse the edges in chronological order (temporal paths). This form of reachability is neither…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Arnaud Casteigts , Nils Morawietz , Petra Wolf

Reachability and other path-based measures on temporal graphs can be used to understand spread of infection, information, and people in modelled systems. Due to delays and errors in reporting, temporal graphs derived from data are unlikely…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jessica Enright , Laura Larios-Jones , Kitty Meeks , William Pettersson

Graph coloring is one of the most famous computational problems with applications in a wide range of areas such as planning and scheduling, resource allocation, and pattern matching. So far coloring problems are mostly studied on static…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-06-12 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Viktor Zamaraev

We study the design of small cost temporally connected graphs, under various constraints. We mainly consider undirected graphs of $n$ vertices, where each edge has an associated set of discrete availability instances (labels). A journey…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Eleni C. Akrida , Leszek Gasieniec , George B. Mertzios , Paul G. Spirakis

Paths $P_1,\ldots, P_k$ in a graph $G=(V,E)$ are mutually induced if any two distinct $P_i$ and $P_j$ have neither common vertices nor adjacent vertices. The Induced Disjoint Paths problem is to decide if a graph $G$ with $k$ pairs of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Barnaby Martin , Daniël Paulusma , Siani Smith , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Paths $P^1,\ldots,P^k$ in a graph $G=(V,E)$ are mutually induced if any two distinct $P^i$ and $P^j$ have neither common vertices nor adjacent vertices. For a fixed integer $k$, the $k$-Induced Disjoint Paths problem is to decide if a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Barnaby Martin , Daniël Paulusma , Siani Smith , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

We consider the following problem that we call the Shortest Two Disjoint Paths problem: given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with edge weights $w:E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, two terminals $s$ and $t$ in $G$, find two internally…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Ildikó Schlotter

Motivated by a relaxed notion of the celebrated Hamiltonian cycle, this paper investigates its variant, parity Hamiltonian cycle (PHC): A PHC of a graph is a closed walk which visits every vertex an odd number of times, where we remark that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Hiroshi Nishiyama , Yusuke Kobayashi , Yukiko Yamauchi , Shuji Kijima , Masafumi Yamashita

A temporal random geometric graph is a random geometric graph in which all edges are endowed with a uniformly random time-stamp, representing the time of interaction between vertices. In such graphs, paths with increasing time stamps…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Anna Brandenberger , Serte Donderwinkel , Céline Kerriou , Gábor Lugosi , Rivka Mitchell

In this work, we investigate the computational complexity of Restless Temporal $(s,z)$-Separation, where we are asked whether it is possible to destroy all restless temporal paths between two distinct vertices $s$ and $z$ by deleting at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hendrik Molter

We study a family of pattern-detection problems in vertex-colored temporal graphs. In particular, given a vertex-colored temporal graph and a multiset of colors as a query, we search for temporal paths in the graph that contain the colors…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Suhas Thejaswi , Aristides Gionis , Juho Lauri

Given a graph $G$, and terminal vertices $s$ and $t$, the TRACKING PATHS problem asks to compute a minimum number of vertices to be marked as trackers, such that the sequence of trackers encountered in each s-t path is unique. TRACKING…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Pratibha Choudhary