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We determine the border subrank of higher order structure tensors of several families of algebras, and in particular obtain the following results. (1) We determine tight bounds on the border subrank of $k$-fold matrix multiplication and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Chia-Yu Chang , Fulvio Gesmundo , Jeroen Zuiddam

We prove a lower bound on the rank of tensors constructed from families of linear maps that `expand' the dimension of every subspace. Such families, called {\em dimension expanders} have been studied for many years with several known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Zeev Dvir

A well studied problem in algebraic complexity theory is the determination of the complexity of problems relying on evaluations of bilinear maps. One measure of the complexity of a bilinear map (or 3-tensor) is the optimal number of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Eimear Byrne , Giuseppe Cotardo

An important building block in all current asymptotically fast algorithms for matrix multiplication are tensors with low border rank, that is, tensors whose border rank is equal or very close to their size. To find new asymptotically fast…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Markus Bläser , Vladimir Lysikov

We develop a notion of {\em inner rank} as a tool for obtaining lower bounds on the rank of matrix multiplication tensors. We use it to give a short proof that the border rank (and therefore rank) of the tensor associated with $n\times n$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Joel Friedman

Obtaining superlinear lower bounds on tensor rank is a major open problem in complexity theory. In this paper we propose a generalization of the approach used by Strassen in the proof of his 3n/2 border rank lower bound. Our approach…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Pascal Koiran

By a tensor we mean an element of a tensor product of vector spaces over a field. Up to a choice of bases in factors of tensor products, every tensor may be coordinatized, that is, represented as an array consisting of numbers. This note is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-11 R. N. Gumerov , A. S. Sharafutdinov

We give constructions of n^k x n^k x n tensors of rank at least 2n^k - O(n^(k-1)). As a corollary we obtain an [n]^r shaped tensor with rank at least 2n^(r/2) - O(n^(r/2)-1) when r is odd. The tensors are constructed from a simple recursive…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-02-11 Benjamin Weitz

We study the relationship between the commutative and the non-commutative rank of a linear matrix. We give examples that show that the ratio of the two ranks comes arbitrarily close to 2. Such examples can be used for giving lower bounds…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Harm Derksen , Visu Makam

We establish basic information about border rank algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor and other tensors with symmetry. We prove that border rank algorithms for tensors with symmetry (such as matrix multiplication and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-01 J. M. Landsberg , Mateusz Michałek

There are many notions of rank in multilinear algebra: tensor rank, partition rank, slice rank, and strength (or Schmidt rank) are a few examples. Typically the rank $\le r$ locus is not Zariski closed, and understanding the closure (the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Rob Eggermont , Andrew Snowden

We provide a nontrivial bound on the rank of any tensor $T$ over the quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ in the $n_1\times n_2\times n_3$ cases where $2\leq n_i\leq 3$. We describe a decomposition of $T$ into $3$ simple tensors in the $2\times 2\times…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-03-04 YG Liang , Sergio Da Silva , Yang Zhang

We lower bound the rank of a tensor by a linear combination of the ranks of three of its unfoldings, using Sylvester's rank inequality. In a similar way, we lower bound the symmetric rank by a linear combination of the symmetric ranks of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-15 Kexin Wang , Anna Seigal

The results of Strassen and Raz show that good enough tensor rank lower bounds have implications for algebraic circuit/formula lower bounds. We explore tensor rank lower and upper bounds, focusing on explicit tensors. For odd d, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-05 Boris Alexeev , Michael Forbes , Jacob Tsimerman

For odd n, I write down tensors in C^n\otimes C^n\otimes C^n of border rank 2n-1, showing the non-triviality of the Young-flattening equations of Landsberg-Ottaviani. I also study the border rank of the tensors of Alexeev et. al., showing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-08-08 J. M. Landsberg

Matrices of rank at most k are defined by the vanishing of polynomials of degree k + 1 in their entries (namely, their (k + 1)-times-(k + 1)-subdeterminants), regardless of the size of the matrix. We prove a qualitative analogue of this…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-01-14 Jan Draisma , Jochen Kuttler

Though algebraic geometry over $\mathbb C$ is often used to describe the closure of the tensors of a given size and complex rank, this variety includes tensors of both smaller and larger rank. Here we focus on the $n\times n\times n$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-11-16 Elizabeth S. Allman , Peter D. Jarvis , John A. Rhodes , Jeremy G. Sumner

We study tensors in $\C^{m\times n\times l}$ whose border rank is $l$. We characterize the tensors in $\C^{3\times 3\times 4}$ and in $\C^{4\times 4\times 4}$ of border rank 4 at most.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-11-16 Shmuel Friedland

We study the tensor rank of the tensor corresponding to the algebra of n-variate complex polynomials modulo the dth power of each variable. As a result we find a sequence of tensors with a large gap between rank and border rank, and thus a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-03-24 Jeroen Zuiddam

We prove border rank bounds for a class of $GL(V)$-invariant tensors in $V^*\otimes U\otimes W$, where $U$ and $W$ are $GL(V)$-modules. These tensors correspond to spaces of matrices of constant rank. In particular we prove lower bounds for…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Derek Wu
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