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Interpretable insights from predictive models remain critical in bio-statistics, particularly when assessing causality, where classical statistical and machine learning methods often provide inherent clarity. While Neural Networks (NNs)…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jean-Baptiste A. Conan

Understanding the function of individual neurons within language models is essential for mechanistic interpretability research. We propose $\textbf{Neuron to Graph (N2G)}$, a tool which takes a neuron and its dataset examples, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alex Foote , Neel Nanda , Esben Kran , Ionnis Konstas , Fazl Barez

We present a toolkit to facilitate the interpretation and understanding of neural network models. The toolkit provides several methods to identify salient neurons with respect to the model itself or an external task. A user can visualize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Fahim Dalvi , Avery Nortonsmith , D. Anthony Bau , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , James Glass

Deep neural networks (DNNs) with high expressiveness have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks. However, their distributed feature representations are difficult to interpret semantically. In this work, human-interpretable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Code language models excel on code intelligence tasks, yet their internal interpretability is underexplored. Existing neuron interpretability techniques from NLP are suboptimal for source code due to programming languages formal,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhe Yin , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

While a lot of analysis has been carried to demonstrate linguistic knowledge captured by the representations learned within deep NLP models, very little attention has been paid towards individual neurons.We carry outa neuron-level analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nadir Durrani , Hassan Sajjad , Fahim Dalvi , Yonatan Belinkov

Deep learning models are favored in many research and industry areas and have reached the accuracy of approximating or even surpassing human level. However they've long been considered by researchers as black-box models for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Xiaojian Wang , Jingyuan Wang , Ke Tang

The emergence of large-scale pretrained language models has posed unprecedented challenges in deriving explanations of why the model has made some predictions. Stemmed from the compositional nature of languages, spurious correlations have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ruochen Zhao , Shafiq Joty , Yongjie Wang , Tan Wang

Pre-trained language models learn informative word representations on a large-scale text corpus through self-supervised learning, which has achieved promising performance in fields of natural language processing (NLP) after fine-tuning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jian Yang , Xinyu Hu , Gang Xiao , Yulong Shen

The ability to learn disentangled representations that split underlying sources of variation in high dimensional, unstructured data is important for data efficient and robust use of neural networks. While various approaches aiming towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-15 Raphael Suter , Đorđe Miladinović , Bernhard Schölkopf , Stefan Bauer

Deep learning models are used in critical applications, in which mistakes can have serious consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how and why models generate predictions. This understanding provides useful information to check…

Some neurons in deep networks specialize in recognizing highly specific perceptual, structural, or semantic features of inputs. In computer vision, techniques exist for identifying neurons that respond to individual concept categories like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Evan Hernandez , Sarah Schwettmann , David Bau , Teona Bagashvili , Antonio Torralba , Jacob Andreas

Improving the interpretability of deep neural networks has recently gained increased attention, especially when the power of deep learning is leveraged to solve problems in physics. Interpretability helps us understand a model's ability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Karim Helwani , Erfan Soltanmohammadi , Michael M. Goodwin

The success of recent deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) depends on learning hidden representations that can summarize the important factors of variation behind the data. However, CNNs often criticized as being black boxes that lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Bolei Zhou , David Bau , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

Interpretation and explanation of deep models is critical towards wide adoption of systems that rely on them. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for both interpretation as well as explanation in which, given a pretrained model, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Jose Oramas , Kaili Wang , Tinne Tuytelaars

Neuron-level interpretations aim to explain network behaviors and properties by investigating neurons responsive to specific perceptual or structural input patterns. Although there is emerging work in the vision and language domains, none…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Tung-Yu Wu , Yu-Xiang Lin , Tsui-Wei Weng

While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi

We propose a novel explanation method that explains the decisions of a deep neural network by investigating how the intermediate representations at each layer of the deep network were refined during the training process. This way we can a)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Lukas Pfahler , Katharina Morik

Deep learning has largely improved the performance of various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, most deep learning models are black-box machinery, and lack explicit interpretation. In this chapter, we will introduce our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Xianggen Liu , Zhengdong Lu , Lili Mou

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma