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Stack Overflow (SO) has been a great source of natural language questions and their code solutions (i.e., question-code pairs), which are critical for many tasks including code retrieval and annotation. In most existing research,…
Stack Overflow has become an essential technical resource for developers. However, given the vast amount of knowledge available on Stack Overflow, finding the right information that is relevant for a given task is still challenging,…
Quantum architecture search (QAS) represents a fundamental challenge in quantum machine learning. Unlike previous methods that treat it as a static search process, from a perspective on QAS as an item retrieval task in vast search space, we…
Although BERT-based ranking models have been commonly used in commercial search engines, they are usually time-consuming for online ranking tasks. Knowledge distillation, which aims at learning a smaller model with comparable performance to…
Energy consumption of software applications has emerged as a critical concern for developers to contemplate in their daily development processes. Previous studies have surveyed a limited number of developers to understand their viewpoints…
High-quality answers in technical Q&A platforms like Stack Overflow (SO) are crucial as they directly influence software development practices. Poor-quality answers can introduce inefficiencies, bugs, and security vulnerabilities, and thus…
The design phase plays a vital role than all other phases in the software development. Software Architecture has to meet both the functional and non-functional quality requirements. The Evaluation of Architecture has to be performed, so…
Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) is a research area practiced by tech firms. Quantum developers face challenges in optimizing quantum computing and QSE concepts. They use Stack Overflow (SO) to discuss challenges and label posts with…
Architectural Knowledge Management (AKM) is crucial for software development but remains challenging due to the lack of standardization and high manual effort. Architecture Decision Records (ADRs) provide a structured approach to capture…
GraphQL is a query language and web application programming interface (API) for client-server architecture. Its advantages include type-safe queries, which allow clients to retrieve the data they require precisely in a single request. As…
Abundant data is the key to successful machine learning. However, supervised learning requires annotated data that are often hard to obtain. In a classification task with limited resources, Active Learning (AL) promises to guide annotators…
Critical infrastructure systems - for which high reliability and availability are paramount - must operate securely. Attack trees (ATs) are hierarchical diagrams that offer a flexible modelling language used to assess how systems can be…
Suboptimal code is prevalent in software systems. Developers often write low-quality code due to factors like technical knowledge gaps, insufficient experience, time pressure, management decisions, or personal factors. Once integrated, the…
Stack Overflow has been heavily used by software developers as a popular way to seek programming-related information from peers via the internet. The Stack Overflow community recommends users to provide the related code snippet when they…
A fast and effective approach to obtain information regarding software development problems is to search them to find similar solved problems or post questions on community question answering (CQA) websites. Solving coding problems in a…
Explanations are essential in software engineering (SE) and requirements communication, helping stakeholders clarify ambiguities, justify design choices, and build shared understanding. Online Q&A forums such as Stack Overflow provide…
Today, data guides the decision-making process of most companies. Effectively analyzing and manipulating data at scale to extract and exploit relevant knowledge is a challenging task, due to data characteristics such as its size, the rate…
AI-assisted development tools enable rapid prototyping of services but often lack awareness of architectural constraints, infrastructure dependencies, and organizational standards required in production environments. Consequently, generated…
Open-domain question answering (QA) aims to find the answer to a question from a large collection of documents.Though many models for single-document machine comprehension have achieved strong performance, there is still much room for…
State-of-the-Art (SOTA) claims pervade Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) research. These claims rest on benchmark evaluations, where models are ranked by aggregate scores across tasks. Public benchmarks or leaderboards…