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Oscillator-based Ising/Potts machines (OIMs/OPMs) are promising hardware accelerators for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems using coupled oscillator synchronization dynamics. Analog OIMs/OPMs offer speed advantages but have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

A non-equilibrium open-dissipative neural network, such as a coherent Ising machine based on mutually coupled optical parametric oscillators, has been proposed and demonstrated as a novel computing machine for hard combinatorial…

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industrial applications. However, finding optimal or close-to-optimal solutions can often be extremely hard. Because some of these problems can be mapped to the ground-state search of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Junpeng Hou , Amin Barzegar , Helmut G. Katzgraber

A lattice of locally bistable driven-dissipative cavity polaritons is found theoretically to effectively simulate the Ising model, also enabling an effective transverse field. We benchmark the system performance for spin glass problems, and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 O. Kyriienko , H. Sigurdsson , T. C. H. Liew

A degenerate optical parametric oscillator network is proposed to solve the NP-hard problem of finding a ground state of the Ising model. The underlying operating mechanism originates from the bistable output phase of each oscillator and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Zhe Wang , Alireza Marandi , Kai Wen , Robert L. Byer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Quantum or quantum-inspired Ising machines have recently shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems in a short time. Real-world applications, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) scheduling for wireless multi-hop…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yohei Hamakawa , Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura

We present an oscillator model with both phase and amplitude dynamics for oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs). The model targets combinatorial optimization problems with polynomial cost functions of arbitrary order and addresses…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lianlong Sun , Matthew X. Burns , Michael C. Huang

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) are networks of coupled oscillators that seek the minimum energy state of an Ising model. Since many NP-hard problems are equivalent to the minimization of an Ising Hamiltonian, OIMs have emerged as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Ahmed Allibhoy , Arthur N. Montanari , Fabio Pasqualetti , Adilson E. Motter

Ising Machines are emerging hardware architectures that efficiently solve NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Generally, combinatorial problems are transformed into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, but this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chirag Garg , Sayeef Salahuddin

Ising machines (IM) have recently been proposed as unconventional hardware-based computation accelerators for solving NP-hard problems. In this work, we present a model for a time-multiplexed IM based on the nonlinear oscillations in a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Roman V. Ovcharov , Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Johan Åkerman , Roman S. Khymyn

Various combinatorial optimization NP-hard problems can be reduced to finding the minimizer of an Ising model, which is a discrete mathematical model. It is an intellectual challenge to develop some mathematical tools or algorithms for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Bowen Liu , Kaizhi Wang , Dongmei Xiao , Zhan Yu

We study a Kuramoto-like model of coupled identical phase oscillators on a network, where attractive and repulsive couplings are balanced dynamically due to nonlinearity in interaction. Under a week force, an oscillator tends to follow the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-01-28 Celso Freitas , Elbert Macau , Arkady Pikovsky

Hard combinatorial optimization problems, often mapped to Ising models, promise potential solutions with quantum advantage but are constrained by limited qubit counts in near-term devices. We present an innovative quantum-inspired framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Co Tran , Quoc-Bao Tran , Hy Truong Son , Thang N Dinh

We describe a thermodynamic-inspired computing paradigm based on oscillatory neural networks (ONNs). While ONNs have been widely studied as Ising machines for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems, this work investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 George Tsormpatzoglou , Filip Sabo , Aida Todri-Sanial

We report on an analog computing system with coupled non-linear oscillators which is capable of solving complex combinatorial optimization problems using the weighted Ising model. The circuit is composed of a fully-connected 4-node LC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-08-28 Jeffrey Chou , Suraj Bramhavar , Siddhartha Ghosh , William Herzog

Higher-order networks with multiway interactions can exhibit collective dynamical phenomena that are absent in traditional pairwise network models. However, analyzing such dynamics becomes computationally prohibitive as their state space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Caesnan M. G. Leditto , Angus Southwell , Muhammad Usman , Kavan Modi

The commercial and industrial demand for the solution of hard combinatorial optimization problems push forward the development of efficient solvers. One of them is the Ising machine which can solve combinatorial problems mapped to Ising…

Ising machines -- special-purpose hardware for heuristically solving Ising optimization problems -- based on probabilistic bits (p-bits) have been established as a promising alternative to heuristic optimization algorithms run on…

The Coherent Ising Machine (CIM) is a quantum network of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) intended to find ground states of the Ising model. This is an NP-hard problem, related to several important minimization problems, including the…