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Existing sign language translation methods follow a two-stage pipeline: first converting the sign language video to a gloss sequence (i.e. Sign2Gloss) and then translating the generated gloss sequence into a spoken language sentence (i.e.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Liqiang Jing , Xuemeng Song , Xinxing Zu , Na Zheng , Zhongzhou Zhao , Liqiang Nie

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a challenging task that aims to generate spoken language sentences from sign language videos. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight, modular SLT framework, Spotter+GPT, that leverages the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign language translation (SLT) converts continuous sign videos into spoken-language text, yet it remains challenging due to the intrinsic modality mismatch between visual signs and written text, particularly in gloss-free settings. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Changhao Lai , Rui Zhao , Xuewen Zhong , Jinsong Su , Yidong Chen

Sign Language Translation (SLT) bridges the communication gap between deaf people and hearing people, where dialogue provides crucial contextual cues to aid in translation. Building on this foundational concept, this paper proposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zekang Liu , Wei Feng , Fanhua Shang , Lianyu Hu , Jichao Feng , Liqing Gao

Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) translation represents a low-resource NLP task due to the lack of large-scale datasets that address sentence-level translation. Correspondingly, existing research in this field has been limited to word and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Neelavro Saha , Rafi Shahriyar , Nafis Ashraf Roudra , Saadman Sakib , Annajiat Alim Rasel

Gloss-free Sign Language Translation (SLT) has advanced rapidly, achieving strong performances without relying on gloss annotations. However, these gains have often come with increased model complexity and high computational demands,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 JianHe Low , Ozge Mercanoglu Sincan , Richard Bowden

Sign languages are multi-channel languages that communicate information through not just the hands (manual signals) but also facial expressions and upper body movements (non-manual signals). However, since automatic sign language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jung-Ho Kim , Mathew Huerta-Enochian , Changyong Ko , Du Hui Lee

Sign Language Translation (SLT) is a core task in the field of AI-assisted disability. Traditional SLT methods are typically based on visible light videos, which are easily affected by factors such as lighting variations, rapid hand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shiao Wang , Xiao Wang , Duoqing Yang , Yao Rong , Fuling Wang , Jianing Li , Lin Zhu , Bo Jiang

Machine learning models fundamentally rely on large quantities of high-quality data. Collecting the necessary data for these models can be challenging due to cost, scarcity, and privacy restrictions. Signed languages are visual languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Harry Walsh , Maksym Ivashechkin , Richard Bowden

Fingerspelling poses challenges for sign language processing due to its high-frequency motion and use for open-vocabulary terms. While prior work has studied fingerspelling recognition, there has been little attention to evaluating how well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Garrett Tanzer

Current sign language translation (SLT) approaches often rely on gloss-based supervision with Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), limiting their ability to handle non-monotonic alignments between sign language video and spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Sihan Tan , Taro Miyazaki , Nabeela Khan , Kazuhiro Nakadai

Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is an essential yet challenging task since sign language is performed with the fast and complex movement of hand gestures, body posture, and even facial expressions. %Skeleton Aware Multi-modal Sign Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Maxim Novopoltsev , Leonid Verkhovtsev , Ruslan Murtazin , Dmitriy Milevich , Iuliia Zemtsova

Sign language recognition (SLR) plays a vital role in facilitating communication for the hearing-impaired community. SLR is a weakly supervised task where entire videos are annotated with glosses, making it challenging to identify the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hao Chen , Jiaze Wang , Ziyu Guo , Jinpeng Li , Donghao Zhou , Bian Wu , Chenyong Guan , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

The field of sign language translation has witnessed significant progress in the translation between sign and spoken languages, but the translation between sign languages remains largely unexplored and out of reach. The latter can help 1.5…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zetian Wu , Bowen Xie , Wuyang Meng , Milan Gautam , Stefan Lee , Liang Huang

Models of sign language have historically lagged behind those for spoken language (text and speech). Recent work has greatly improved their performance on tasks like sign language translation and isolated sign recognition. However, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Serpil Karabüklü , Kanishka Misra , Shester Gueuwou , Diane Brentari , Greg Shakhnarovich , Karen Livescu

Existing work on sign language translation - that is, translation from sign language videos into sentences in a written language - has focused mainly on (1) data collected in a controlled environment or (2) data in a specific domain, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Bowen Shi , Diane Brentari , Greg Shakhnarovich , Karen Livescu

Hallucination, where models generate fluent text unsupported by visual evidence, remains a major flaw in vision-language models and is particularly critical in sign language translation (SLT). In SLT, meaning depends on precise grounding in…

This project explores methods to enhance sign language translation of German sign language, specifically focusing on disambiguation of homonyms. Sign language is ambiguous and understudied which is the basis for our experiments. We approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jana Grimm , Miriam Winkler , Oliver Kraus , Tanalp Agustoslu

Sign languages are visual languages using manual articulations and non-manual elements to convey information. For sign language recognition and translation, the majority of existing approaches directly encode RGB videos into hidden…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yutong Chen , Ronglai Zuo , Fangyun Wei , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Brian Mak

Speech Translation (ST) is a machine translation task that involves converting speech signals from one language to the corresponding text in another language; this task has two different approaches, namely the traditional cascade and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nam Luu , Ondřej Bojar