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By late 20th century, the rationality wars had launched debates about the nature and norms of intuitive and reflective thinking. Those debates drew from mid-20th century ideas such as bounded rationality, which challenged more idealized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Nick Byrd

The history of AI has included several "waves" of ideas. The first wave, from the mid-1950s to the 1980s, focused on logic and symbolic hand-encoded representations of knowledge, the foundations of so-called "expert systems". The second…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Odest Chadwicke Jenkins , Daniel Lopresti , Melanie Mitchell

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

Nowadays, machine learning methods have been widely used in stock prediction. Traditional approaches assume an identical data distribution, under which a learned model on the training data is fixed and applied directly in the test data.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-18 Chi Chen , Li Zhao , Wei Cao , Jiang Bian , Chunxiao Xing

We study the problem of learning communities in the presence of modeling errors and give robust recovery algorithms for the Stochastic Block Model (SBM). This model, which is also known as the Planted Partition Model, is widely used for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Konstantin Makarychev , Yury Makarychev , Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into social science research practices raises significant technological, methodological, and ethical issues. We present a community-centric study drawing on 284 survey responses and 15…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tatiana Chakravorti , Xinyu Wang , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sai Koneru , Kevin Munger , Sarah Rajtmajer

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will transform many aspects of our lives and society, bringing immense opportunities but also posing significant risks and challenges. The next several decades may well be a turning point for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Eric Horvitz , Vincent Conitzer , Sheila McIlraith , Peter Stone

Simulation-based methods for statistical inference have evolved dramatically over the past 50 years, keeping pace with technological advancements. The field is undergoing a new revolution as it embraces the representational capacity of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-11 Andrew Zammit-Mangion , Matthew Sainsbury-Dale , Raphaël Huser

There is a science of science and an informal economics of economics, but there is not a cohesive sociology of sociology. We turn the central findings and theoretical lenses of the sociological tradition and the sociological study of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-09 Gavin Cook

As the amount of economic and other data generated worldwide increases vastly, a challenge for future generations of econometricians will be to master efficient algorithms for inference in empirical models with large information sets. This…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-27 Dimitris Korobilis , Davide Pettenuzzo

In this paper, we propose standard statistical tools as a solution to commonly highlighted problems in the explainability literature. Indeed, leveraging statistical estimators allows for a proper definition of explanations, enabling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-01 Valentina Ghidini

Modern data and applications pose very different challenges from those of the 1950s or even the 1980s. Students contemplating a career in statistics or data science need to have the tools to tackle problems involving massive, heavy-tailed…

Applications · Statistics 2015-08-18 Nicholas Chamandy , Omkar Muralidharan , Stefan Wager

Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is an application of Bayesian inference to the problems of model selection, combined estimation and prediction that produces a straightforward model choice criteria and less risky predictions. However, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-08 Tiago M. Fragoso , Francisco Louzada Neto

Innovations in AI have focused primarily on the questions of "what" and "how"-algorithms for finding patterns in web searches, for instance-without adequate attention to the possible harms (such as privacy, bias, or manipulation) and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Suresh Venkatasubramanian , Nadya Bliss , Helen Nissenbaum , Melanie Moses

In 1961 Herbert Simon and Albert Ando published the theory behind the long-term behavior of a dynamical system that can be described by a nearly uncoupled matrix. Over the past fifty years this theory has been used in a variety of contexts,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-04-26 Carl D. Meyer , Charles D. Wessell

How nations shape the scientific frontier matters for technological competition, but standard metrics, including publication counts, citations, and disruption indices, look backward and fail to distinguish between fundamentally different…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jeffrey W. Lockhart , Jamshid Sourati , Feng Shi , James Evans

Decision-makers abhor uncertainty, and it is certainly true that the less there is of it the better. However, recognizing that uncertainty is part of the equation, particularly for deciding on environmental policy, is a prerequisite for…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-28 Noel Cressie

Comparisons of different treatments or production processes are the goals of a significant fraction of applied research. Unsurprisingly, two-sample problems play a main role in Statistics through natural questions such as `Is the the new…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-05 P. C. Álvarez-Esteban , E. del Barrio , J. A. Cuesta-Albertos , C. Matrán

Traditionally, statistical computing courses have taught the syntax of a particular programming language or specific statistical computation methods. Since the publication of Nolan and Temple Lang (2010), we have seen a greater emphasis on…

Computation · Statistics 2022-09-01 Alex Reinhart , Christopher R. Genovese

In today's world, AI programs powered by Machine Learning are ubiquitous, and have achieved seemingly exceptional performance across a broad range of tasks, from medical diagnosis and credit rating in banking, to theft detection via video…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Jérémie Sublime