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With the increasing acquisition of large-scale neural recordings comes the challenge of inferring the computations they perform and understanding how these give rise to behavior. Here, we review emerging conceptual and technological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-06-25 Simon Musall , Anne Urai , David Sussillo , Anne Churchland

Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) represent a powerful framework for modeling biological self-organization, extending classical rule-based systems with trainable, differentiable (or evolvable) update rules that capture the adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Benedikt Hartl , Michael Levin , Léo Pio-Lopez

Deep Learning, driven by neural networks, has led to groundbreaking advancements in Artificial Intelligence by enabling systems to learn and adapt like the human brain. These models have achieved remarkable results, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Paritosh Ranjan , Surajit Majumder , Prodip Roy

Recently, deep models have been successfully applied in several applications, especially with low-level representations. However, sparse, noisy samples and structured domains (with multiple objects and interactions) are some of the open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Mayukh Das , Yang Yu , Devendra Singh Dhami , Gautam Kunapuli , Sriraam Natarajan

The advances in artificial intelligence enabled by deep learning architectures are undeniable. In several cases, deep neural network driven models have surpassed human level performance in benchmark autonomy tasks. The underlying policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Jeff Druce , James Niehaus , Vanessa Moody , David Jensen , Michael L. Littman

Human-machine interactions are being increasingly explored to create alternative ways of communication and to improve our daily life. Based on a classification of the user's intention from the user's underlying neural activity,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-01-07 Fabrizio De Vico Fallani , Danielle S. Bassett

Recently, stemming from the rapid development of artificial intelligence, which has gained expansive success in pattern recognition, robotics, and bioinformatics, neuroscience is also gaining tremendous progress. A kind of spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shengjie Zheng , Lang Qian , Pingsheng Li , Chenggang He , Xiaoqin Qin , Xiaojian Li

Information theory and the framework of information dynamics have been used to provide tools to characterise complex systems. In particular, we are interested in quantifying information storage, information modification and information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Oliver Obst , Joschka Boedecker , Benedikt Schmidt , Minoru Asada

What explains the dramatic progress from 20th-century to 21st-century AI, and how can the remaining limitations of current AI be overcome? The widely accepted narrative attributes this progress to massive increases in the quantity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Paul Smolensky , R. Thomas McCoy , Roland Fernandez , Matthew Goldrick , Jianfeng Gao

AI technology has a long history which is actively and constantly changing and growing. It focuses on intelligent agents, which contain devices that perceive the environment and based on which takes actions in order to maximize goal success…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jahanzaib Shabbir , Tarique Anwer

In the past decade, we have witnessed the rise of deep learning to dominate the field of artificial intelligence. Advances in artificial neural networks alongside corresponding advances in hardware accelerators with large memory capacity,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-11 David Ha , Yujin Tang

At present, artificial intelligence in the form of machine learning is making impressive progress, especially the field of deep learning (DL) [1]. Deep learning algorithms have been inspired from the beginning by nature, specifically by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

Cognitive Science has profoundly shaped disciplines such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Philosophy, Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, and Culture. Many breakthroughs in AI trace their roots to cognitive theories, while AI itself has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Rui Mao , Qian Liu , Xiao Li , Erik Cambria , Amir Hussain

In this review, we describe the singular success of attractor neural network models in describing how the brain maintains persistent activity states for working memory, error-corrects, and integrates noisy cues. We consider the mechanisms…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-03 Mikail Khona , Ila R. Fiete

Control theory of dynamical systems offers a powerful framework for tackling challenges in deep neural networks and other machine learning architectures. We show that concepts such as simultaneous and ensemble controllability offer new…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Enrique Zuazua

Conventional deep learning prioritizes unconstrained optimization, yet biological systems operate under strict metabolic constraints. We propose that these physical constraints shape dynamics to function not as limitations, but as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xia Chen

Deep learning implemented via neural networks, has revolutionized machine learning by providing methods for complex tasks such as object detection/classification and prediction. However, architectures based on deep neural networks have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Nanjangud C. Narendra , Nithin Nagaraj

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence (NSAI) represents a transformative approach in artificial intelligence (AI) by combining deep learning's ability to handle large-scale and unstructured data with the structured reasoning of symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Oualid Bougzime , Samir Jabbar , Christophe Cruz , Frédéric Demoly

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining popularity in the computational simulation and artificial intelligence fields owing to their biological plausibility and computational efficiency. This paper explores the historical development of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Tianyu Zheng , Liyuan Han , Tielin Zhang

The human brain is the gold standard of adaptive learning. It not only can learn and benefit from experience, but also can adapt to new situations. In contrast, deep neural networks only learn one sophisticated but fixed mapping from inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Shixian Wen , Amanda Rios , Yunhao Ge , Laurent Itti