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We introduce a general class of algorithms and supply a number of general results useful for analysing these algorithms when applied to regular graphs of large girth. As a result, we can transfer a number of results proved for random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-06 Carlos Hoppen , Nicholas Wormald

This extended abstract is dedicated to the analysis of the height of non-plane unlabelled rooted binary trees. The height of such a tree chosen uniformly among those of size $n$ is proved to have a limiting theta distribution, both in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-16 Nicolas Broutin , Philippe Flajolet

Arc-standard derivations over projective dependency trees can be interpreted as the incremental construction of lexicalized ordered trees with contiguous yields. Each \textsc{shift}, \textsc{leftarc}, and \textsc{rightarc} transition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zihao Huang , Ai Ka Lee , Jungyeul Park

We prove that finding a rooted subtree with at least $k$ leaves in a digraph is a fixed parameter tractable problem. A similar result holds for finding rooted spanning trees with many leaves in digraphs from a wide family $\cal L$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Noga Alon , Fedor Fomin , Gregory Gutin , Michael Krivelevich , Saket Saurabh

In this note we analyze the performance of a simple root-finding algorithm in uniform attachment trees. The leaf-stripping algorithm recursively removes all leaves of the tree for a carefully chosen number of rounds. We show that, with…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Louigi Addario-Berry , Anna Brandenberger , Simon Briend , Nicolas Broutin , Gábor Lugosi

We study the average leaf-to-leaf path lengths on ordered Catalan tree graphs with $n$ nodes and show that these are equivalent to the average length of paths starting from the root node. We give an explicit analytic formula for the average…

Root-finding method is an iterative process that constructs a sequence converging to a solution of an equation. Householder's method is a higher-order method that requires higher order derivatives of the reciprocal of a function and has…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Wei Guo Foo , Chik How Tan

The arc-routing problems are known to be notoriously hard. We study here a natural arc-routing problem on trees and more generally on bounded tree-width graphs and surprisingly show that it can be solved in a polynomial time. This implies a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jiří Fink , Martin Loebl

R-MAT is a simple, widely used recursive model for generating `complex network' graphs with a power law degree distribution and community structure. We make R-MAT even more useful by reducing the required work per edge from logarithmic to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Lorenz Hübschle-Schneider , Peter Sanders

This paper contains a classification of countable lower 1-transitive linear orders. The notion of lower 1-transitivity generalises that of 1-transitivity for linear orders, and is essential for the structure theory of 1-transitive trees.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-22 Silvia Barbina , Katie Chicot

The purpose of this paper is to build an algebraic framework suited to regularise branched structures emanating from rooted forests and which encodes the locality principle. This is achieved by means of the universal properties in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-02-11 Pierre Clavier , Li Guo , Sylvie Paycha , Bin Zhang

Generalization remains one of the most important desiderata for robust robot learning systems. While recently proposed approaches show promise in generalization to novel objects, semantic concepts, or visual distribution shifts,…

We present a detailed analysis of the class of regression decision tree algorithms which employ a regulized piecewise-linear node-splitting criterion and have regularized linear models at the leaves. From a theoretic standpoint, based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Leonidas Lefakis , Oleksandr Zadorozhnyi , Gilles Blanchard

Tree-level Feynman diagrams in a cubic scalar theory can be given a metric such that each edge has a length. The space of metric trees is made out of orthants joined where a tree degenerates. Here we restrict to planar trees since each…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-30 Francisco Borges , Freddy Cachazo

Let T d (n) be the set of d-ary rooted trees with n internal nodes. We give a method to construct a sequence (t n , n $\ge$ 0) where, for any n $\ge$ 1, t n has the uniform distribution in T d (n), and t n is constructed from t n--1 by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Jean-Francois Marckert

The recursive and hierarchical structure of full rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. In most of these cases, the full rooted tree is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-24 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

Under ray-optical light transport, the classical ray serves as a linear and local "point query" of light's behaviour. Linearity and locality are crucial to the formulation of sophisticated path tracing and sampling techniques, that enable…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Shlomi Steinberg , Ravi Ramamoorthi , Benedikt Bitterli , Eugene d'Eon , Ling-Qi Yan , Matt Pharr

We consider a regular $n$-ary tree of height $h$, for which every vertex except the root is labelled with an independent and identically distributed continuous random variable. Taking motivation from a question in evolutionary biology, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-11-14 Matthew I. Roberts , Lee Zhuo Zhao

Ren et al. recently introduced a method for aggregating multiple decision trees into a strong predictor by interpreting a path taken by a sample down each tree as a binary vector and performing linear regression on top of these vectors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Nenad Markuš , Ivan Gogić , Igor S. Pandžić , Jörgen Ahlberg

An order-theoretic forest is a countable partial order such that the set of elements larger than any element is linearly ordered. It is an order-theoretic tree if any two elements have an upper-bound. The order type of a branch can be any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle