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As the scales of neural networks increase, techniques that enable them to run with low computational cost and energy efficiency are required. From such demands, various efficient neural network paradigms, such as spiking neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Kazuma Suetake , Shin-ichi Ikegawa , Ryuji Saiin , Yoshihide Sawada

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to conventional artificial neural networks, with potential advantages in power efficiency due to their event-driven computation. Despite their promise, SNNs have yet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wangdan Liao , Weidong Wang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely employed to solve various problems, e.g., image classification. Due to their compute- and data-intensive nature, CNN accelerators have been developed as ASICs or on FPGAs. Increasing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Patrick Plagwitz , Frank Hannig , Jürgen Teich , Oliver Keszocze

One of the most exciting advancements in AI over the last decade is the wide adoption of ANNs, such as DNN and CNN, in many real-world applications. However, the underlying massive amounts of computation and storage requirement greatly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-15 Tao Liu , Lei Jiang , Yier Jin , Gang Quan , Wujie Wen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) can utilize spatio-temporal information and have a nature of energy efficiency which is a good alternative to deep neural networks(DNNs). The event-driven information processing makes SNNs can reduce the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Changqing Xu , Yi Liu , Yintang Yang

Spiking Neural Network (SNN) has been recognized as one of the next generation of neural networks. Conventionally, SNN can be converted from a pre-trained ANN by only replacing the ReLU activation to spike activation while keeping the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yuhang Li , Shikuang Deng , Xin Dong , Ruihao Gong , Shi Gu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been recently integrated into Transformer architectures due to their potential to reduce computational demands and to improve power efficiency. Yet, the implementation of the attention mechanism using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zihang Song , Prabodh Katti , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have a greater potential for modeling time series data than Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), due to their inherent neuron dynamics and low energy consumption. However, it is difficult to demonstrate their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Chenxi Sun , Hongyan Li , Moxian Song , Derun Can , Shenda Hong

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are the so-called third generation of neural networks which attempt to more closely match the functioning of the biological brain. They inherently encode temporal data, allowing for training with less energy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Chethan M. Parameshwara , Simin Li , Cornelia Fermüller , Nitin J. Sanket , Matthew S. Evanusa , Yiannis Aloimonos

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) owing to their asynchronous, sparse, and binary information processing. To improve the energy-efficiency and throughput,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Priyadarshini Panda

The emergence of brain-inspired neuromorphic computing as a paradigm for edge AI is motivating the search for high-performance and efficient spiking neural networks to run on this hardware. However, compared to classical neural networks in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Bojian Yin , Federico Corradi , Sander M. Bohté

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as the low-power alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) because of their sparse, asynchronous, and binary event-driven processing. Due to their energy efficiency, SNNs have a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Youngeun Kim , Joshua Chough , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a more energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by mimicking biological neural principles, establishing them as a promising approach to mitigate the increasing energy demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Velibor Bojković , Xiaofeng Wu , Bin Gu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) communicate via discrete spikes in time rather than continuous activations. Their event-driven nature offers advantages for temporal processing and energy efficiency on resource-constrained hardware, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Karol C. Jurzec , Tomasz Szydlo , Maciej Wielgosz

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) represent a promising approach in machine learning, combining the hierarchical learning capabilities of deep neural networks with the energy efficiency of spike-based computations. Traditional end-to-end…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ruyin Wan , Qian Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are a class of bio-inspired neural networks that promise to bring low-power and low-latency inference to edge devices through asynchronous and sparse processing. However, being temporal models, SNNs depend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Asude Aydin , Mathias Gehrig , Daniel Gehrig , Davide Scaramuzza

As spiking neural networks (SNNs) are deployed increasingly in real-world efficiency critical applications, the security concerns in SNNs attract more attention. Currently, researchers have already demonstrated an SNN can be attacked with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ling Liang , Kaidi Xu , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yuan Xie

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise higher energy efficiency over conventional Quantized Artificial Neural Networks (QNNs) due to their event-driven, spike-based computation. However, prevailing energy evaluations often oversimplify,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhanglu Yan , Zhenyu Bai , Weng-Fai Wong

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are becoming a promising alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) due to their rich neural dynamics and the implementation of energy-efficient neuromorphic chips. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Jiahao Su , Kang You , Zekai Xu , Weizhi Xu , Zhezhi He

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are emerging as a brain-inspired alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), prized for their potential energy efficiency on neuromorphic hardware. Despite this, SNNs often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Chengting Yu , Xiaochen Zhao , Lei Liu , Shu Yang , Gaoang Wang , Erping Li , Aili Wang