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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a novel computational paradigm that captures some of the efficiency of biological brains by processing through binary neural dynamic activations. Probabilistic SNN models are typically trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are the third generation of neural networks. They have gained widespread attention in object detection due to their low energy consumption and biological interpretability. However, existing SNN-based object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yimeng Fan , Changsong Liu , Mingyang Li , Dongze Liu , Yuting Su , Yanyan Liu , Wei Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) provide biological plausibility and energy efficiency, yet systematic investigations of memory augmentation strategies remain limited. We conduct a five-model ablation study integrating Leaky…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Effiong Blessing , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Isaac Nkrumah , Junaid Rehman

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are third-generation Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) which are close to the biological neural system. In recent years SNN has become popular in the area of robotics and embedded applications, therefore, it has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Shikhar Gupta , Arpan Vyas , Gaurav Trivedi

Inspired by more detailed modeling of biological neurons, Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been investigated both as more biologically plausible and potentially more powerful models of neural computation, and also with the aim of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Bojian Yin , Federico Corradi , Sander M. Bohte

Deep neural networks have surpassed human performance in key visual challenges such as object recognition, but require a large amount of energy, computation, and memory. In contrast, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have the potential to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-02 Melani Sanchez-Garcia , Tushar Chauhan , Benoit R. Cottereau , Michael Beyeler

Recent advances in Voice Activity Detection (VAD) are driven by artificial and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), however, using a VAD system in battery-operated devices requires further power efficiency. This can be achieved by neuromorphic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-01 Flavio Martinelli , Giorgia Dellaferrera , Pablo Mainar , Milos Cernak

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biology-inspired artificial neural networks (ANNs) that comprise of spiking neurons to process asynchronous discrete signals. While more efficient in power consumption and inference speed on the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Shikuang Deng , Shi Gu

The rising demand for energy-efficient edge AI systems (e.g., mobile agents/robots) has increased the interest in neuromorphic computing, since it offers ultra-low power/energy AI computation through spiking neural network (SNN) algorithms…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

Research into optical spiking neural networks (SNNs) has primarily focused on spiking devices, networks of excitable lasers or numerical modelling of large architectures, often overlooking key constraints such as limited optical power,…

Spiking neural networks, also often referred to as the third generation of neural networks, carry the potential for a massive reduction in memory and energy consumption over traditional, second-generation neural networks. Inspired by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Alexander Henkes , Jason K. Eshraghian , Henning Wessels

Bio-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are now demonstrating comparable accuracy to intricate convolutional neural networks (CNN), all while delivering remarkable energy and latency efficiency when deployed on neuromorphic hardware. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Gourav Datta , Zeyu Liu , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Peter A. Beerel

Neuromorphic computing is an emerging technology enabling low-latency and energy-efficient signal processing. A key algorithmic tool in neuromorphic computing is spiking neural networks (SNNs). SNNs are biologically inspired neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sanja Karilanova , Subhrakanti Dey , Ayça Özçelikkale

Regarded as the third generation of neural networks, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have garnered significant traction due to their biological plausibility and energy efficiency. Recent advancements in large models necessitate spiking…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chenlin Zhou , Sihang Guo , Jiaqi Wang , Dongyang Ma , Jin Cheng , Qingyan Meng , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are good candidates to produce ultra-energy-efficient hardware. However, the performance of these models is currently behind traditional methods. Introducing multi-layered SNNs is a promising way to reduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Pierre Falez , Pierre Tirilly , Ioan Marius Bilasco , Philippe Devienne , Pierre Boulet

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely deployed to solve complex pattern recognition, function approximation and image classification tasks. With the growing size and complexity of these networks, hardware implementation becomes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-22 Anup Das , Yuefeng Wu , Khanh Huynh , Francesco Dell'Anna , Francky Catthoor , Siebren Schaafsma

Stability arguments are often used to prevent learning algorithms from having ever increasing activity and weights that hinder generalization. However, stability conditions can clash with the sparsity required to augment the energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Luca Herranz-Celotti , Jean Rouat

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising biologically plausible models of computation which utilize a spiking binary activation function similar to that of biological neurons. SNNs are well positioned to process spatiotemporal data, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Boxun Xu , Richard Boone , Peng Li

Third-generation neural networks, or Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), aim at harnessing the energy efficiency of spike-domain processing by building on computing elements that operate on, and exchange, spikes. In this paper, the problem of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-23 Alireza Bagheri , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran