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We demonstrate the first implementation of polarization encoding measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), which is immune to all detector side-channel attacks. Active phase randomization of each individual pulse is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-21 Zhiyuan Tang , Zhongfa Liao , Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks and avoids reference-frame calibration. While its feasibility has been widely demonstrated, existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Xin Liu , Zhicheng Luo , Kaibiao Qin , Jiawang Liu , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) protocol is immune to all attacks on detection and guarantees the information-theoretical security even with imperfect single photon detectors. Recently, several…

A recently proposed fully passive QKD removes all source modulator side channels. In this work, we combine the fully passive sources with MDI-QKD to remove simultaneously side channels from source modulators and detectors. We show a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 Jinjie Li , Wenyuan Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Reference-Frame-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (RFI-QKD) provides a practical way to generate secret keys between two remote parties without sharing common reference frames. On the other hand, Measurement-Device-Independent QKD…

The measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol plays an important role in quantum communications due to its high level of security and practicability. It can be immune to all side-channel attacks directed on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xing-Yu Zhou , Hua-Jian Ding , Chun-Hui Zhang , Jian Li , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

Although multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) terahertz (THz) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is theoretically secure, practical vulnerabilities may arise due to detector imperfections. This paper explores a CV…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Leixin Wu , Congtian Deng , Jiayu Pan , Lingtao Zhang , Yanyan Feng , Runbo Zhao , Yang Shen , Yuying Zhang , Jian Zhou

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocol with discrete modulation. This kind of discrete-modulated schemes have good compatibility with efficient error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-22 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Tao Wang , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

We propose and experimentally implement a novel reconfigurable quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme, where the users can switch in real time between conventional QKD and the recently-introduced measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD.…

We present a general model on the simulation of the measurement-device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD). It can be used to predict experimental observations of a MDI-QKD with linear channel loss, simulating corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-03 Qin Wang , Xiang-Bin Wang

We present a practical method that can make quantum key distribution (QKD), for the first time, both ultra-long-distance and immune to all attacks in the detection system. This method is an important extension of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-22 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Zhongfa Liao , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizes continuous variables encoding such as the quadra-ture components of the quantized electromagnetic field and coherent detection decoding, offering good compatibility with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Pu Wang , Yan Tian , Yongmin Li

Advances in quantum computing are a rapidly growing threat towards modern cryptography. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides long-term security without assuming the computational power of an adversary. However, inconsistencies between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 Henry Semenenko , Philip Sibson , Mark G. Thompson , Chris Erven

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) can remove all potential detector side-channel attacks and the requirement of real-time alignment of reference frames. However, all previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Jian-Rong Zhu , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

Recently, a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on entanglement swapping, called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), was proposed to bypass all detector side-channel attacks. While mdiQKD is conceptually elegant and offers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-18 Charles Ci Wen Lim , Boris Korzh , Anthony Martin , Felix Bussieres , Rob Thew , Hugo Zbinden

A main type of obstacles of practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD) network is various attacks on detection. Measurement-device-independent QKD (MDIQKD) protocol is immune to all these attacks and thus a strong candidate…

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) offers a promising approach to enhance secret key rates beyond conventional binary-encoded QKD, addressing the growing demand for secure data transmission. However, the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Yang Zhou , Xing-Yu Zhou , Shu-Fan Wu , Qiang Zeng , Zhi-Liang Yuan , Qin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gaurantees unconditional communication security based on the laws of quantum physics. However, practical QKD suffers from a number of quantum hackings due to the device imperfections. From the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-18 Yong-Su Kim , Yujun Choi , Osung Kwon , Sang-Wook Han , Sung Moon

Digital signatures play an important role in software distribution, modern communication and financial transactions, where it is important to detect forgery and tampering. Signatures are a cryptographic technique for validating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Ittoop Vergheese Puthoor , Ryan Amiri , Petros Wallden , Marcos Curty , Erika Andersson