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We construct an entropy current and establish a local version of the classical second law of thermodynamics for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons (CS) theories of gravity. We work in a chosen set of Gaussian null coordinates and assume…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-23 Ishan Deo , Prateksh Dhivakar , Nilay Kundu

We propose an entropy current for dynamical black holes in a theory with arbitrary four derivative corrections to Einstein's gravity, linearized around a stationary black hole. The Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory is a special case of the class…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Jyotirmoy Bhattacharya , Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Anirban Dinda , Nilay Kundu

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

We propose a new formula for the entropy of a dynamical black hole$-$valid to leading order for perturbations off of a stationary black hole background$-$in an arbitrary classical diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian theory of gravity in $n$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-02 Stefan Hollands , Robert M. Wald , Victor G. Zhang

The thermodynamic second law in the evaporating black hole space-time is examined in the context of two-dimensional dilaton black hole. The dynamical evolution of entropy is investigated by using the analytical perturbation method and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Kouichirou Hirata , Yoshi Fujiwara , Jiro Soda

In [arXiv:2105.06455, arXiv:2206.04538], the authors have been able to argue for an ultra-local version of the second law of black hole mechanics, for arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity non-minimally coupled to matter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-24 Alokananda Kar , Prateksh Dhivakar , Shuvayu Roy , Binata Panda , Anowar Shaikh

In classical general relativity described by Einstein-Hilbert gravity, black holes behave as thermodynamic objects. In particular, the laws of black hole mechanics can be interpreted as laws of thermodynamics. The first law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Felix M. Haehl , Nilay Kundu , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

We describe a method for defining dynamical black hole entropy in gravitational effective field theories (EFTs). The entropy is constructed order by order in derivatives. For any fixed number of derivatives, the entropy satisfies a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-16 Iain Davies , Harvey S. Reall

We consider diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity with arbitrary higher derivative terms in the Lagrangian as corrections to the leading two derivative theory of Einstein's general relativity. We construct a proof of the zeroth law…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-18 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Parthajit Biswas , Anirban Dinda , Nilay Kundu

The Second Law of black hole thermodynamics is shown to hold for arbitrarily complicated theories of higher curvature gravity, so long as we allow only linearized perturbations to stationary black holes. Some ambiguities in Wald's Noether…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-25 Aron C. Wall

We examine the Zeroth Law and the Second Law of black hole thermodynamics within the context of effective gravitational actions including higher curvature interactions. We show that entropy can never decrease for quasi-stationary processes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Ted Jacobson , Gungwon Kang , Robert C. Myers

We investigate the second law of black hole mechanics in gravitational theories with higher derivative terms in the action. Wall has described a method for defining an entropy that satisfies the second law to linear order in perturbations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-29 Stefan Hollands , Áron D. Kovács , Harvey S. Reall

We consider a general, classical theory of gravity in $n$ dimensions, arising from a diffeomorphism invariant Lagrangian. In any such theory, to each vector field, $\xi^a$, on spacetime one can associate a local symmetry and, hence, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Robert M. Wald

The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-16 Xin-Yang Wang , Jie Jiang

Working within the approximation of small amplitude expansion, recently an entropy current has been constructed on the horizons of dynamical black hole solution in any higher derivative theory of gravity. In this note, we have dualized this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-13 Chandranathan A , Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Milan Patra , Shuvayu Roy

In recent work, Hollands, Kov\'acs and Reall have built on previous work of Wall to provide a definition of dynamical black hole entropy for gravitational effective field theories (EFTs). This entropy satisfies a second law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-17 Iain Davies , Harvey S. Reall

In the hydrodynamic regime of field theories the entropy is upgraded to a local entropy current. The entropy current is constructed phenomenologically order by order in the derivative expansion by requiring that its divergence is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Christopher Eling , Adiel Meyer , Yaron Oz

In black hole physics, the second law of thermodynamics is generally valid whether the black hole is a static or a non-static one. Considering the universe as a thermodynamical system the second law of black hole dynamics extends to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-19 Subenoy Chakraborty , Nairwita Mazumder , Ritabrata Biswas

I study the balance law equation of surface charges in the presence of background fields. The construction allows a unified description of Noether's theorem for both global and local symmetries. From the balance law associated with some of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-06 Antoine Rignon-Bret

Recently, it has been shown that for a dynamical black hole in any higher derivative theory of gravity, one could construct a spatial entropy current, characterizing the in/outflow of entropy at every point on the horizon, as long as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-13 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Pooja Jethwani , Milan Patra , Shuvayu Roy
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