Related papers: Sequences involving square zig-zag shapes
Graph matrices are a type of matrix which has played a crucial role in analyzing the sum of squares hierarchy on average case problems. However, except for rough norm bounds, little is known about graph matrices. In this paper, we take a…
We introduce a notion of a girth-regular graph as a $k$-regular graph for which there exists a non-descending sequence $(a_1, a_2, \dots, a_k)$ (called the signature) giving, for every vertex $u$ of the graph, the number of girth cycles the…
Suppose $G$ is a undirected simple graph. A $k-$subset of edges in $G$ without common vertices is called a $k-$matching and the number of such subsets is denoted by $p(G,k)$. The aim of this paper is to present exact formulas for $p(G,3)$,…
An embedded graph is called $z$-knotted if it contains the unique zigzag (up to reversing). We consider $z$-knotted triangulations, i.e. $z$-knotted embedded graphs whose faces are triangles, and describe all cases when the connected sum of…
A zigzag in a map (a $2$-cell embedding of a connected graph in a connected closed $2$-dimensional surface) is a cyclic sequence of edges satisfying the following conditions: 1) any two consecutive edges lie on the same face and have a…
The operation of zig-zag products of graphs is the analogue of the semidirect product of groups. Using this observation, we present a categorical description of zig-zag products in order to generalize the construction for the category of…
The squircle is an intermediate shape between the square and the circle. In this paper, we examine and discuss equations for different types of squircles. We then build upon these 2D shapes to come-up with various 3D surfaces based on…
In this dissertation, we explore the structure of inversion graphs of permutations--a class of graphs that naturally arises by representing each permutation as a graph, where vertices correspond to entries and edges encode inversions.…
A graph is called $(k,t)$-regular if it is $k$-regular and the induced subgraph on the neighbourhood of every vertex is $t$-regular. We find new conditions on $(k,t)$ for the existence of such graphs and provide a wide range of examples.
We define $k$-dimensional digraphs and initiate a study of their spectral theory. The $k$-dimensional digraphs can be viewed as generating graphs for small categories called $k$-graphs. Guided by geometric insight, we obtain several new…
Given any Koszul algebra of finite global dimension one can define a new algebra, which we call a higher zigzag algebra, as a twisted trivial extension of the Koszul dual of our original algebra. If our original algebra is the path algebra…
k-graphs are higher-rank analogues of directed graphs which were first developed to provide combinatorial models for operator algebras of Cuntz-Krieger type. Here we develop a theory of the fundamental groupoid of a k-graph, and relate it…
We characterise the form of all simple, finite graphs for which the girth of the graph is equal to the circumference of the graph. We apply this to prove a bound on the number of edges in such a graph.
We define a simple graph as compact if it lacks even cycles and satisfies the odd-cycle condition. Our focus is on classifying all compact graphs and examining the characteristics of their edge rings. Let $G$ be a compact graph and…
A \emph{$k$-radius sequence} for a graph $G$ is a sequence of vertices of $G$ (typically with repetitions) such that for every edge $uv$ of $G$ vertices $u$ and $v$ appear at least once within distance $k$ in the sequence. The length of a…
A $k$-regular graph of girth $g$ is called edge-girth-regular graph, shortly egr-graph, if each of its edges is contained in exactly $\lambda$ distinct $g-$cycles. An egr-graph is called extremal for the triple $(k, g, \lambda)$ if has the…
We give a definition of associative schemes, schemes of associative rings, over a field $k,$ using the definition of completion of an associative $k$-algebra in a finite set of simple modules. We start by giving a weaker but sufficient…
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of positive integers to be the degree sequence of a k-connected simple graph are detailed. Conditions are also given under which such a sequence is necessarily k-connected.
A simple graph is called triangular if every edge of it belongs to a triangle. We conjecture that any graphical degree sequence all terms of which are greater than or equal to 4 has a triangular realisation, and establish this conjecture…
The cycle space of a graph corresponds to the kernel of an incidence matrix. We investigate an analogous subspace for digraphs. In the case of digraphs of graphs, where every edge is replaced by two oppositely directed arcs, we give a…