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Quantum computations are typically compiled into a circuit of basic quantum gates. Just like for classical circuits, a quantum compiler should optimize the quantum circuit, e.g. by minimizing the number of required gates. Optimizing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 Raban Iten , Romain Moyard , Tony Metger , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner

Quantum optimization is emerging as a prominent candidate for exploiting the capabilities of near-term quantum devices. Many application-relevant optimization tasks require the inclusion of inequality constraints, usually handled by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Alberto Bottarelli , Sebastian Schmitt , Philipp Hauke

The variational preparation of complex quantum states using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is of fundamental interest, and becomes a promising application of quantum computers. Here, we systematically study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Zheng-Hang Sun , Yong-Yi Wang , Jian Cui , Heng Fan

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has become a cornerstone of contemporary quantum applications development. Here we show that the \emph{density} of problem constraints versus problem variables acts as a performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-31 V. Akshay , H. Philathong , I. Zacharov , J. Biamonte

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri

We present a general method for the implementation of quantum algorithms that optimizes both gate count and circuit depth. Our approach introduces connectivity-adapted CNOT-based building blocks called Parity Twine chains. It outperforms…

We demonstrate the applicability of a universal gate set in the parity encoding, which is a dual to the standard gate model, by exploring several quantum gate algorithms such as the quantum Fourier transform and quantum addition. Embedding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 Michael Fellner , Anette Messinger , Kilian Ender , Wolfgang Lechner

The major advances in quantum computing over the last few decades have sparked great interest in applying it to solve the most challenging computational problems in a wide variety of areas. One of the most pronounced domains here are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Andreas Sturm , Bharadwaj Mummaneni , Leon Rullkötter

We present a comparison between the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and two widely studied competing methods, Quantum Annealing (QA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). To achieve this, we define a class of optimization problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-08 Michael Streif , Martin Leib

This paper studies quantum optimization baselines for the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP), a clustered routing problem that naturally models variant selection and sequencing problems under discrete alternatives. We propose a…

Quantum algorithms have gained increasing attention for addressing complex combinatorial problems in finance, notably portfolio optimization. This study systematically benchmarks two prominent variational quantum approaches, Variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Nouhaila Innan , Ayesha Saleem , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has emerged as a promising candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While various QAOA parameterization schemes exist, ranging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Evan Camilleri , André Xuereb , Tony J. G. Apollaro , Mirko Consiglio

Quantum computing exploits basic quantum phenomena such as state superposition and entanglement to perform computations. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is arguably one of the leading quantum algorithms that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Sami Khairy , Ruslan Shaydulin , Lukasz Cincio , Yuri Alexeev , Prasanna Balaprakash

Hardware errors are a major obstacle to demonstrating quantum advantage with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Recently, symmetry verification has been proposed and empirically demonstrated to boost the quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Ashish Kakkar , Jeffrey Larson , Alexey Galda , Ruslan Shaydulin

In this work we develop theoretical techniques for analysing the performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) when applied to random boolean constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), and use these techniques to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Sami Boulebnane , Maria Ciudad-Alañón , Lana Mineh , Ashley Montanaro , Niam Vaishnav

This paper presents a numerical simulation investigation of the Warm-Start Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) as proposed by Tate et al. [1], focusing on its application to 3-regular Max-Cut problems. Our study demonstrates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-16 Sean Feeney , Reuben Tate , Stephan Eidenbenz

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. The usual QAOA ansatz consists of an alternating application of the cost and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-01 Anthony Wilkie , Igor Gaidai , James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman

Quantum optimisation is emerging as a promising approach alongside classical heuristics and specialised hardware, yet its performance is often difficult to assess fairly. Traditional benchmarking methods, rooted in digital complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Frank Phillipson

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

Optimization problems are ubiquitous in various industrial settings, and multi-knapsack optimization is one recurrent task faced daily by several industries. The advent of quantum computing has opened a new paradigm for computationally…