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Quantum circuits are the fundamental representation of quantum algorithms and constitute valuable intellectual property (IP). Multiple quantum circuit obfuscation (QCO) techniques have been proposed in prior research to protect quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Hongyu Zhang , Yuntao Liu

Circuit obfuscation is a recently proposed defense mechanism to protect digital integrated circuits (ICs) from reverse engineering by using camouflaged gates i.e., logic gates whose functionality cannot be precisely determined by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Zhiqian Chen , Gaurav Kolhe , Setareh Rafatirad , Sai Manoj P. D. , Houman Homayoun , Liang Zhao , Chang-Tien Lu

In recent years, quantum computing has started to demonstrate superior efficiency to classical computing. In quantum computing, quantum circuits that implement specific quantum algorithms are usually not directly executable on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Yuntao Liu , Jayden John , Qian Wang

While numerous obfuscation techniques are available for securing digital assets in the digital domain, there has been a notable lack of focus on protecting Intellectual Property (IP) in the analog domain. This is primarily due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Muayad J. Aljafar , Florence Azais , Marie-Lise Flottes , Samuel Pagliarini

Dynamical decoupling represents an active approach towards the protection of quantum memories and quantum gates. Because dynamical decoupling operations can interfere with a system's own time evolution, the protection of quantum gates is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 P. Z. Zhao , Tianqi Chen , Sirui Liu , Jiangbin Gong

Opaque predicates are a well-established fundamental building block for software obfuscation. Simplified, an opaque predicate implements an expression that provides constant Boolean output, but appears to have dynamic behavior for static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Max Hoffmann , Christof Paar

Software obfuscation is a crucial technology to protect intellectual property and manage digital rights within our society. Despite its huge practical importance, both commercial and academic state-of-the-art obfuscation methods are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Moritz Schloegel , Tim Blazytko , Moritz Contag , Cornelius Aschermann , Julius Basler , Thorsten Holz , Ali Abbasi

Semiconductor supply chain is increasingly getting exposed to variety of security attacks such as Trojan insertion, cloning, counterfeiting, reverse engineering (RE) and piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) due to involvement of untrusted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Jae-Won Jang , Swaroop Ghosh

Building and maintaining a silicon foundry is a costly endeavor that requires substantial financial investment. From this scenario, the semiconductor business has largely shifted to a fabless model where the Integrated Circuit supply chain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Zain Ul Abideen , Sumathi Gokulanathan , Muayad J. Aljafar , Samuel Pagliarini

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or insertion of…

In this paper, we introduce a novel Communication and Obfuscation Management Architecture (COMA) to handle the storage of the obfuscation key and to secure the communication to/from untrusted yet obfuscated circuits. COMA addresses three…

Camouflaging gate techniques are typically used in hardware security to prevent reverse engineering. Layout level camouflaging by adding dummy contacts ensures some level of protection against extracting the correct netlist. Threshold…

Logic locking has emerged as a promising solution for protecting the semiconductor intellectual Property (IP) from the untrusted entities in the design and fabrication process. Logic locking hides the functionality of the IP by embedding…

Quantum information can be protected from decoherence and other errors, but only if these errors are sufficiently rare. For quantum computation to become a scalable technology, practical schemes for quantum error correction that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-13 Ashley M. Stephens , William J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Distinguishing AI-generated code from human-written code is becoming crucial for tasks such as authorship attribution, content tracking, and misuse detection. Based on this, N-gram-based watermarking schemes have emerged as prominent, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Gehao Zhang , Eugene Bagdasarian , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Consumer and defense systems demanded design and manufacturing of electronics with increased performance, compared to their predecessors. As such systems became ubiquitous in a plethora of domains, their application surface increased, thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Abhijitt Dhavlle

In wireless communication adversarial scenarios, signals are easily intercepted by non-cooperative parties, exposing the transmission of confidential information. This paper proposes a true-and-false (T/F) frequency multiplexing based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Zhisheng Yin , Nan Cheng , Mingjie Wang , Changle Li , Wei Xiang

The availability of wide-ranging third-party intellectual property (3PIP) cores enables integrated circuit (IC) designers to focus on designing high-level features in ASICs/SoCs. The massive proliferation of ICs brings with it an increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Nikhil Muralidhar , Abdullah Zubair , Nathanael Weidler , Ryan Gerdes , Naren Ramakrishnan

Nowadays, a majority of System-on-Chips (SoCs) make use of Intellectual Property (IP) in order to shorten development cycles. When such IPs are developed, one of the main focuses lies in the high configurability of the design. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Aman Kumar , Sebastian Simon

A massive threat to the modern and complex IC production chain is the use of untrusted off-shore foundries which are able to infringe valuable hardware design IP or to inject hardware Trojans causing severe loss of safety and security.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Sebastian Wallat , Marc Fyrbiak , Moritz Schlögel , Christof Paar