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In recent years, the number of satellites in orbit has increased rapidly, with megaconstellations like Starlink providing near-global, delay-sensitive communication services. However, not all satellite communication use cases have stringent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Fettes , Pablo G. Madoery , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Abhishek Naik , Stéphane Martel

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Utilizing Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks equipped with Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) is envisioned to provide lower delay compared to traditional optical networks. However, LEO satellites have constrained energy resources as they…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Kosta Dakic , Chiu Chun Chan , Bassel Al Homssi , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan , Akram Al-Hourani

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been envisioned as a significant component of the sixth generation (6G) network architecture for achieving ubiquitous coverage and seamless access. However, the implementation of LEO satellites is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chenyu Wu , Shuai Han , Qian Chen , Yu Wang , Weixiao Meng , Abderrahim Benslimane

Emerging Low Earth Orbit (LEO) broadband constellations hold significant potential to provide advanced Internet services due to inherent geometric features of the grid topology. However, high dynamics, unstable topology changes, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Menglan Hu , Chenxin Wang , Bin Cao , Benkuan Zhou , Yan Dong , Kai Peng

The Internet is going through a massive infrastructural revolution with the advent of low-flying satellite networks, 5/6G, WiFi7, and hollow-core fiber deployments. While these networks could unleash enhanced connectivity and new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Shubham Tiwari , Saksham Bhushan , Aryan Taneja , Mohamed Kassem , Cheng Luo , Cong Zhou , Zhiyuan He , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Lili Qiu , Debopam Bhattacherjee

With the rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, thousands of satellites are now in operation, many equipped with onboard GNSS receivers capable of continuous orbit determination and time synchronization. This development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Xing Liu , Xue Xian Zheng , José A. López-Salcedo , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

The rapid proliferation of satellite constellations, particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), has fundamentally altered the global space infrastructure, shifting the risk landscape from purely kinetic collisions to complex cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mark Ballard , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Recently, mega-constellations with a massive number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered as a possible solution for providing global coverage due to relatively low latency and high throughput compared to geosynchronous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Gyeongrae Im , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Seungkeun Park , Heejung Yu , Junil Choi

The low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network with mega-constellations can provide global coverage while supporting the high-data rates. The coverage performance of such a network is highly dependent on orbit geometry parameters, including…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Junse Lee , Song Noh , Sooyeob Jeong , Namyoon Lee

Providing truly ubiquitous connectivity requires development of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet, whose theoretical study is lagging behind network-specific simulations. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-26 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

Large networks of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being built using inter-satellite lasers. These networks promise to offer low-latency wide-area connectivity, but reliably routing such traffic is difficult, as satellites are very…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Stefano Vissicchio , Mark Handley

Recently advanced low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling high-quality Internet connectivity to any place on Earth. However, the traditional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Peng Hu

In the evolving landscape of satellite communications, the deployment of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations promises to revolutionize global Internet access by providing low-latency, high-bandwidth connectivity to underserved…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Mohamed M. Kassem , Nishanth Sastry

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are evolving from communication relays into autonomous platforms operating in increasingly congested and contested environments. Since uplinks to ground stations can be severed or jammed,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianyi Sun , Shuo Liu , Minghui Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng

Traditional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) immunity to interference may be approaching a practical performance ceiling. Greater gains are possible outside traditional GNSS orbits and spectrum. GNSS from low Earth orbit (LEO) has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-15 Peter A. Iannucci , Todd E. Humphreys

Mega-constellations of small-size Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are currently planned and deployed by various private and public entities. While global connectivity is the main rationale, these constellations also offer the potential to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-29 Nasrin Razmi , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks (SatNets) are envisioned to play a crucial role in providing global and ubiquitous connectivity efficiently. Accordingly, in the coming years, thousands of LEO satellites will be launched to create…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mohammed Y. Abdelsadek , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt