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Human beings possess the most sophisticated computational machinery in the known universe. We can understand language of rich descriptive power, and communicate in the same environment with astonishing clarity. Two of the many contributors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Karthikeya Ramesh Kaushik , Andrea E. Martin

The AGM theory of belief revision has become an important paradigm for investigating rational belief changes. Unfortunately, researchers working in this paradigm have restricted much of their attention to rather simple representations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Frans Voorbraak

To answer a question, language models often need to integrate prior knowledge learned during pretraining and new information presented in context. We hypothesize that models perform this integration in a predictable way across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Kevin Du , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Niklas Stoehr , Jennifer C. White , Aaron Schein , Ryan Cotterell

Determining the plausibility of causal relations between clauses is a commonsense reasoning task that requires complex inference ability. The general approach to this task is to train a large pretrained language model on a specific dataset.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Ieva Staliūnaitė , Philip John Gorinski , Ignacio Iacobacci

The research on conditional planning rejects the assumptions that there is no uncertainty or incompleteness of knowledge with respect to the state and changes of the system the plans operate on. Without these assumptions the sequences of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-05-30 J. Rintanen

In natural-language discourse, related events tend to appear near each other to describe a larger scenario. Such structures can be formalized by the notion of a frame (a.k.a. template), which comprises a set of related events and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Hoifung Poon , Lucy Vanderwende

Description logics are a powerful tool for describing ontological knowledge bases. That is, they give a factual account of the world in terms of individuals, concepts and relations. In the presence of uncertainty, such factual accounts are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Tim French , Tom Smoker

A number of writers(Joseph Halpern and Fahiem Bacchus among them) have offered semantics for formal languages in which inferences concerning probabilities can be made. Our concern is different. This paper provides a formalization of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Henry E. Kyburg

Predicting undesirable events during the execution of a business process instance provides the process participants with an opportunity to intervene and keep the process aligned with its goals. Few approaches for tackling this challenge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Jens Brunk , Matthias Stierle , Leon Papke , Kate Revoredo , Martin Matzner , Jörg Becker

When agents devise plans for execution in the real world, they face two important forms of uncertainty: they can never have complete knowledge about the state of the world, and they do not have complete control, as the effects of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Ron Davidson , Michael R. Fehling

It has been observed people tend to have opinions that are far more internally consistent than it would be reasonable to expect. Here, we study how that observation might emerge from changing how agents trust the opinions of their peers in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-15 Marcelo V. Maciel , André C. R. Martins

The combination of argumentation and probability paves the way to new accounts of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty, thereby offering new theoretical and applicative opportunities. Due to a variety of interests, probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Regis Riveret , Pietro Baroni , Yang Gao , Guido Governatori , Antonino Rotolo , Giovanni Sartor

The emergence of large-scale pretrained language models has posed unprecedented challenges in deriving explanations of why the model has made some predictions. Stemmed from the compositional nature of languages, spurious correlations have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ruochen Zhao , Shafiq Joty , Yongjie Wang , Tan Wang

In this paper, we evaluate the capability of transformer-based language models in making inferences over uncertain text that includes uncertain rules of reasoning. We cover both Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and generative Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Aliakbar Nafar , Kristen Brent Venable , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Probabilistic argumentation is an alternative to causal modeling with Bayesian networks. Probabilistic argumentation structures (PAS) are defined on families of compatible frames (f.c.f). This is a generalization of the usual multivariate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Juerg Kohlas

We present a framework to formally describe probabilistic system behavior and symbolically reason about it. In particular we aim at reasoning about possible failures and fault tolerance. We regard systems which are composed of different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jan Olaf Blech

Reasoning is key to many decision making processes. It requires consolidating a set of rule-like premises that are often associated with degrees of uncertainty and observations to draw conclusions. In this work, we address both the case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Timo Pierre Schrader , Lukas Lange , Simon Razniewski , Annemarie Friedrich

We present a propositional logic to reason about the uncertainty of events, where the uncertainty is modeled by a set of probability measures assigning an interval of probability to each event. We give a sound and complete axiomatization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-08 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

Probabilistic argumentation allows reasoning about argumentation problems in a way that is well-founded by probability theory. However, in practice, this approach can be severely limited by the fact that probabilities are defined by adding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Nico Potyka

Probability-like parameters appearing in some statistical models, and their prior distributions, are reinterpreted through the notion of `circumstance', a term which stands for any piece of knowledge that is useful in assigning a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. G. L. Porta Mana , A. Månsson , G. Björk