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Have you ever wondered how your feature space is impacting the prediction of a specific sample in your dataset? In this paper, we introduce Single Sample Feature Importance (SSFI), which is an interpretable feature importance algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Joseph Gatto , Ravi Lanka , Yumi Iwashita , Adrian Stoica

Detecting anomalies in energy consumption data is crucial for identifying energy waste, equipment malfunction, and overall, for ensuring efficient energy management. Machine learning, and specifically deep learning approaches, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Mohammad Noorchenarboo , Katarina Grolinger

Electrospinning is a highly sensitive fabrication process in which small variations in operating parameters can significantly influence fiber morphology and material performance. Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly employed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mehrab Mahdian , Ferenc Ender , Tamas Pardy

Explainable AI (XAI) promises to provide insight into machine learning models' decision processes, where one goal is to identify failures such as shortcut learning. This promise relies on the field's assumption that input features marked as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Benedict Clark , Marta Oliveira , Rick Wilming , Stefan Haufe

Few-shot learning (FSL) presents a challenging learning problem in which only a few samples are available for each class. Decision interpretation is more important in few-shot classification due to a greater chance of error compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Mohammad Reza Zarei , Majid Komeili

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

Variable importance measures (VIMs) aim to quantify the contribution of each input covariate to the predictability of a given output. With the growing interest in explainable AI, numerous VIMs have been proposed, many of which are heuristic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-23 Angel Reyero-Lobo , Pierre Neuvial , Bertrand Thirion

Interpretable machine learning has become a very active area of research due to the rising popularity of machine learning algorithms and their inherently challenging interpretability. Most work in this area has been focused on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-09 Quay Au , Julia Herbinger , Clemens Stachl , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

Auto-encoders are often used as building blocks of deep network classifier to learn feature extractors, but task-irrelevant information in the input data may lead to bad extractors and result in poor generalization performance of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Hui Shen , Dehua Li , Hong Wu , Zhaoxiang Zang

Interpretability remains a key difficulty in sentiment analysis with Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications where it is crucial to comprehend the rationale behind forecasts. This research addressed this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Thivya Thogesan , Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong

This paper examines two different yet related questions related to explainable AI (XAI) practices. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly important in financial services, such as pre-approval, credit underwriting, investments, and various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Swati Tyagi

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is at the forefront of AI research. In XAI, feature attribution methods produce explanations in the form of feature importance. People often use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Jamie Duell , Monika Seisenberger , Gert Aarts , Shangming Zhou , Xiuyi Fan

Deep learning has shown superb performance in detecting objects and classifying images, ensuring a great promise for analyzing medical imaging. Translating the success of deep learning to medical imaging, in which doctors need to understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Lennart Brocki , Wistan Marchadour , Jonas Maison , Bogdan Badic , Panagiotis Papadimitroulas , Mathieu Hatt , Franck Vermet , Neo Christopher Chung

For around a decade, non-symbolic methods have been the option of choice when explaining complex machine learning (ML) models. Unfortunately, such methods lack rigor and can mislead human decision-makers. In high-stakes uses of ML, the lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Olivier Létoffé , Xuanxiang Huang , Joao Marques-Silva

Interpretable machine learning seeks to understand the reasoning process of complex black-box systems that are long notorious for lack of explainability. One flourishing approach is through counterfactual explanations, which provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Vy Vo , Trung Le , Van Nguyen , He Zhao , Edwin Bonilla , Gholamreza Haffari , Dinh Phung

AI methods referred to as interpretable are often discredited as inaccurate by supporters of the existence of a trade-off between interpretability and accuracy. In many problem contexts however this trade-off does not hold. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Mobyen Uddin Ahmed , Shaibal Barua , Shahina Begum , Mir Riyanul Islam , Rosina O Weber

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

Tree-based methods are powerful nonparametric techniques in statistics and machine learning. However, their effectiveness, particularly in finite-sample settings, is not fully understood. Recent applications have revealed their surprising…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-04 Hengrui Luo , Meng Li

Along with accurate prediction, understanding the contribution of each feature to the making of the prediction, i.e., the importance of the feature, is a desirable and arguably necessary component of a machine learning model. For a complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Aaron Foote , Danny Krizanc

Although modern machine learning and deep learning methods allow for complex and in-depth data analytics, the predictive models generated by these methods are often highly complex, and lack transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta