Related papers: On the quest for the strongest materials
Standard Model extensions often predict low-mass and very weakly interacting particles, such as the axion. A number of small-scale experiments at the intensity/precision frontier are actively searching for these elusive particles,…
Applied machine learning (ML) has rapidly spread throughout the physical sciences; in fact, ML-based data analysis and experimental decision-making has become commonplace. We suggest a shift in the conversation from proving that ML can be…
Mathematics and its relation to the physical universe have been the topic of speculation since the days of Pythagoras. Several different views of the nature of mathematics have been considered: Realism - mathematics exists and is…
A future Linear Collider is well suited for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model, for revealing the structure of the underlying physics as well as for performing high precision tests of the Standard Model. The use of polarised…
The goal of a scientific investigation is to find answers to specific questions. In geosciences this is typically achieved by solving an inference or inverse problem and interpreting the solution. However, the answer obtained is often…
An adjoint-based procedure to determine weaknesses, or, more generally the material properties of structures is developed and tested. Given a series of force and deformation/strain measurements, the material properties are obtained by…
Over the last decade the search for compounds combining the resources of semiconductors and ferromagnets has evolved into an important field of materials science. This endeavour has been fuelled by continual demonstrations of remarkable…
Quantum mechanics---the theory describing the fundamental workings of nature---is famously counterintuitive: it predicts that a particle can be in two places at the same time, and that two remote particles can be inextricably and…
This paper addresses testing of compressed structures, such as shells, that exhibit catastrophic buckling and notorious imperfection sensitivity. The central concept is the probing of a loaded structural specimen by a controlled lateral…
This chapter addresses the forth paradigm of materials research -- big-data driven materials science. Its concepts and state-of-the-art are described, and its challenges and chances are discussed. For furthering the field, Open Data and an…
The evidence for the dark matter of the hot big bang cosmology is about as good as it gets in natural science. The exploration of its nature is now led by direct and indirect detection experiments, to be complemented by advances in the full…
In this paper, I discuss my personal journey through one research tradition, that of the resources framework, and how it has evolved over time. In my present work, understanding learners' reasoning in physics in terms of the construction of…
Many-body systems, such as electrons flowing in a superconductor, are among the most difficult theoretical problems to study. A new family of exactly solvable models may offer some answers.
Academic challenges comprise effective means for (i) advancing the state of the art, (ii) putting in the spotlight of a scientific community specific topics and problems, as well as (iii) closing the gap for under represented communities in…
Several mechanisms cause a granular material to strengthen over time at low applied stress. The strength is determined from the maximum frictional force F_max experienced by a shearing plate in contact with wet or dry granular material…
We consider fundamental physical constants which are among a few of the most important pieces of information we have learned about Nature after its intensive centuries-long studies. We discuss their multifunctional role in modern physics…
We summarize progress in the development and application of metamaterial structures utilizing superconducting elements. After a brief review of the salient features of superconductivity, the advantages of superconducting metamaterials over…
The observational evidence for the recent acceleration of the universe demonstrates that canonical theories of cosmology and particle physics are incomplete---if not incorrect---and that new physics is out there, waiting to be discovered.…
The study of the structure of translational tilings has captivated mathematicians, scientists, and the general public for centuries and continues to thrive at the crossroads of analysis, combinatorics, dynamics, logic, number theory, and…
The unusual magnetic materials are significant in both science and technology. However, because of the strongly correlated effects, it is difficult to understand their novel properties from theoretical aspects. Holographic duality offers a…