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Blindspots in APIs can cause software engineers to introduce vulnerabilities, but such blindspots are, unfortunately, common. We study the effect APIs with blindspots have on developers in two languages by replicating an 109-developer,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Yuriy Brun , Tian Lin , Jessie Elise Somerville , Elisha Myers , Natalie C. Ebner

Web communication has become an indispensable characteristic of mobile apps. However, it is not clear what data the apps transmit, to whom, and what consequences such transmissions have. We analyzed the web communications found in mobile…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Pascal Gadient , Mohammad Ghafari , Marc-Andrea Tarnutzer , Oscar Nierstrasz

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

The Ethereum ecosystem, which secures over $381 billion in assets, fundamentally relies on client APIs as the sole interface between users and the blockchain. However, these critical APIs suffer from widespread implementation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jie Ma , Ningyu He , Jinwen Xi , Mingzhe Xing , Liangxin Liu , Jiushenzi Luo , Xiaopeng Fu , Chiachih Wu , Haoyu Wang , Ying Gao , Yinliang Yue

The Android framework provides a rich set of APIs that can be exploited by developers to build their apps. However, the rapid evolution of these APIs jointly with the specific characteristics of the lifecycle of the Android components…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Oliviero Riganelli , Ionut Daniel Fagadau , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Producing secure software is challenging. The poor usability of security APIs makes this even harder. Many recommendations have been proposed to support developers by improving the usability of cryptography libraries and APIs; rooted in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Nikhil Patnaik , Andrew C. Dwyer , Joseph Hallett , Awais Rashid

Computing platforms such as smartphones frequently access Web content using many separate applications rather than a single Web browser application. These applications often deal with sensitive user information such as financial data or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Vasant Tendulkar , William Enck

Android apps are built on APIs that abstract core Android system functionalities. These APIs are officially documented in multiple files distributed with the Android source code or SDK, which we collectively refer to as Android API Lists…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sinan Wang , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Lili Wei , Yida Tao , Yepang Liu

The integration of open-source third-party library dependencies in Java development introduces significant security risks when these libraries contain known vulnerabilities. Existing Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tools struggle to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wang Lingxiang , Quanzhi Fu , Wenjia Song , Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Dan Williams , Ying Zhang

Context: Refactoring is recognized as an effective practice to maintain evolving software systems. For software libraries, we study how library developers refactor their Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), especially when it impacts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Ali Ouni , Daniel M. German , Katsuro Inoue

Advances in quantum computing increasingly threaten the security and privacy of data protected by current cryptosystems, particularly those relying on public-key cryptography. In response, the international cybersecurity community has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Marthin Toruan , R. D. N. Shakya , Samuel Tseitkin , Raymond K. Zhao , Nalin Arachchilage

Research has shown that cryptographic APIs are hard to use. Consequently, developers resort to using code examples available in online information sources that are often not secure. We have developed a web platform, named CryptoExplorer,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Mohammadreza Hazhirpasand , Mohammad Ghafari , Oscar Nierstrasz

APIs have become the prominent technology of choice for achieving inter-service communications. The growth of API deployments has driven the urgency in addressing its lack of security standards. API Security is a topic for concern given the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Rami Haddad , Rim El Malki , Daniel Cozma

Large language model fine-tuning APIs enable widespread model customization, yet pose significant safety risks. Recent work shows that adversaries can exploit access to these APIs to bypass model safety mechanisms by encoding harmful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jack Youstra , Mohammed Mahfoud , Yang Yan , Henry Sleight , Ethan Perez , Mrinank Sharma

Developers build on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to reuse existing functionalities of code libraries. Despite the benefits of reusing established libraries (e.g., time savings, high quality), developers may diverge from the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Sebastian Nielebock , Paul Blockhaus , Jacob Krüger , Frank Ortmeier

The use of open-source software (OSS) is ever-increasing, and so is the number of open-source vulnerabilities being discovered and publicly disclosed. The gains obtained from the reuse of community-developed libraries may be offset by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Serena E. Ponta , Henrik Plate , Antonino Sabetta

A common cause of bugs and vulnerabilities are the violations of usage constraints associated with Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). API misuses are common in software projects, and while there have been techniques proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Hong Jin Kang , David Lo

Software libraries implement APIs that deliver reusable functionalities. To correctly use these functionalities, software applications must satisfy certain correctness policies, for instance policies about the order some API methods can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Cryptography misuses are prevalent in the wild. Crypto APIs are hard to use for developers, and static analysis tools do not detect every misuse. We developed SafEncrypt, an API that streamlines encryption tasks for Java developers. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Ehsan Firouzi , Ammar Mansuri , Mohammad Ghafari , Maziar Kaveh

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source…