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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models are one of the most frequently used deep learning networks, and extensively used in both academia and industry. Recent studies demonstrated that adversarial attacks against such models can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Ehsan Nowroozi , Yassine Mekdad , Mohammad Hajian Berenjestanaki , Mauro Conti , Abdeslam EL Fergougui

One of the most practical and challenging types of black-box adversarial attacks is the hard-label attack, where only the top-1 predicted label is available. One effective approach is to search for the optimal ray direction from the benign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Chen Ma , Xinjie Xu , Shuyu Cheng , Qi Xuan

Transfer-based targeted adversarial attacks against black-box deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be significantly more challenging than untargeted ones. The impressive transferability of current SOTA, the generative methods,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Bowen Peng , Li Liu , Tianpeng Liu , Zhen Liu , Yongxiang Liu

Recent studies have highlighted that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, even in a black-box scenario. However, most of the existing black-box attack algorithms need to make a huge amount of queries to perform…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-11 Yali Du , Meng Fang , Jinfeng Yi , Jun Cheng , Dacheng Tao

Transferable attacks generate adversarial examples on surrogate models to fool unknown victim models, posing real-world threats and growing research interest. Despite focusing on flat losses for transferable adversarial examples, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhixuan Zhang , Pingyu Wang , Xingjian Zheng , Linbo Qing , Qi Liu

Adversarial examples pose a threat to deep neural network models in a variety of scenarios, from settings where the adversary has complete knowledge of the model and to the opposite "black box" setting. Black box attacks are particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Haidar Khan , Daniel Park , Azer Khan , Bülent Yener

Almost all current adversarial attacks of CNN classifiers rely on information derived from the output layer of the network. This work presents a new adversarial attack based on the modeling and exploitation of class-wise and layer-wise deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Lawrence Carin , Yiran Chen

Neural networks are known to be vulnerable to carefully crafted adversarial examples, and these malicious samples often transfer, i.e., they maintain their effectiveness even against other models. With great efforts delved into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Yunhan Jia , Yantao Lu , Senem Velipasalar , Zhenyu Zhong , Tao Wei

The vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to black-box adversarial attacks is one of the most heated topics in trustworthy AI. In such attacks, the attackers operate without any insider knowledge of the model, making the cross-model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Wenmeng Zhou , Yinggui Wang

Adversarial generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), are widely applied for generating various types of data, i.e., images, text, and audio. Accordingly, its promising performance has led to the GAN-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhiyu Zhu , Huaming Chen , Xinyi Wang , Jiayu Zhang , Zhibo Jin , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Jun Shen , Dong Yuan

Adversarial examples pose significant threats to deep neural networks (DNNs), and their property of transferability in the black-box setting has led to the emergence of transfer-based attacks, making it feasible to target real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yuyang Luo , Xiaosen Wang , Zhijin Ge , Yingzhe He

Transfer-based attacks pose a significant threat to real-world applications by directly targeting victim models with adversarial examples generated on surrogate models. While numerous approaches have been proposed to enhance adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Bohan Liu , Xiaosen Wang

Recent advances in attention-based networks have shown that Vision Transformers can achieve state-of-the-art or near state-of-the-art results on many image classification tasks. This puts transformers in the unique position of being a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Kaleel Mahmood , Rigel Mahmood , Marten van Dijk

Deep neural networks are widely known to be susceptible to adversarial examples, which can cause incorrect predictions through subtle input modifications. These adversarial examples tend to be transferable between models, but targeted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Junyoung Byun , Myung-Joon Kwon , Seungju Cho , Yoonji Kim , Changick Kim

While the untargeted black-box transferability of adversarial perturbations has been extensively studied before, changing an unseen model's decisions to a specific `targeted' class remains a challenging feat. In this paper, we propose a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Fatih Porikli

Convolutional Neural Networks have achieved significant success across multiple computer vision tasks. However, they are vulnerable to carefully crafted, human-imperceptible adversarial noise patterns which constrain their deployment in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Aamir Mustafa , Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

In recent years, research on adversarial attacks has become a hot spot. Although current literature on the transfer-based adversarial attack has achieved promising results for improving the transferability to unseen black-box models, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Zheng Yuan , Jie Zhang , Yunpei Jia , Chuanqi Tan , Tao Xue , Shiguang Shan

The adversarial vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) has drawn great attention due to the security risk of applying these models in real-world applications. Based on transferability of adversarial examples, an increasing number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

It has been well demonstrated that adversarial examples, i.e., natural images with visually imperceptible perturbations added, generally exist for deep networks to fail on image classification. In this paper, we extend adversarial examples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Cihang Xie , Jianyu Wang , Zhishuai Zhang , Yuyin Zhou , Lingxi Xie , Alan Yuille

Adversarial Training (AT) has been found to substantially improve the robustness of deep learning classifiers against adversarial attacks. AT involves obtaining robustness by including adversarial examples in training a classifier. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Olukorede Fakorede , Ashutosh Kumar Nirala , Modeste Atsague , Jin Tian