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For many (minority) languages, the resources needed to train large models are not available. We investigate the performance of zero-shot transfer learning with as little data as possible, and the influence of language similarity in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Wietse de Vries , Martijn Bartelds , Malvina Nissim , Martijn Wieling

We introduce a multilabel probing task to assess the morphosyntactic representations of word embeddings from multilingual language models. We demonstrate this task with multilingual BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), training probes for seven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Naomi Tachikawa Shapiro , Amandalynne Paullada , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

Much recent effort has been devoted to creating large-scale language models. Nowadays, the most prominent approaches are based on deep neural networks, such as BERT. However, they lack transparency and interpretability, and are often seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Rodrigo Wilkens , Leonardo Zilio , Aline Villavicencio

While BERT is an effective method for learning monolingual sentence embeddings for semantic similarity and embedding based transfer learning BERT based cross-lingual sentence embeddings have yet to be explored. We systematically investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jingshu Liu , Raheel Qader , Gaëtan Caillaut , Mariam Nakhlé

While automatic summarization evaluation methods developed for English are routinely applied to other languages, this is the first attempt to systematically quantify their panlinguistic efficacy. We take a summarization corpus for eight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Fajri Koto , Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) showcase varied multilingual capabilities across tasks like translation, code generation, and reasoning. Previous assessments often limited their scope to fundamental natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Yidan Zhang , Yu Wan , Boyi Deng , Baosong Yang , Haoran Wei , Fei Huang , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Multilingual pretrained language models have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot cross-lingual transfer capabilities. Such transfer emerges by fine-tuning on a task of interest in one language and evaluating on a distinct language, not seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Benjamin Muller , Yanai Elazar , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Recent works have demonstrated that multilingual BERT (mBERT) learns rich cross-lingual representations, that allow for transfer across languages. We study the word-level translation information embedded in mBERT and present two simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Hila Gonen , Shauli Ravfogel , Yanai Elazar , Yoav Goldberg

End-to-end speech-to-intent classification has shown its advantage in harvesting information from both text and speech. In this paper, we study a technique to develop such an end-to-end system that supports multiple languages. To overcome…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Bidisha Sharma , Maulik Madhavi , Xuehao Zhou , Haizhou Li

The training of large language models (LLMs) necessitates substantial data and computational resources, and updating outdated LLMs entails significant efforts and resources. While numerous model editing techniques (METs) have emerged to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Himanshu Beniwal , Kowsik Nandagopan D , Mayank Singh

Syntactic bootstrapping (Gleitman, 1990) is the hypothesis that children use the syntactic environments in which a verb occurs to learn its meaning. In this paper, we examine whether large language models exhibit a similar behavior. We do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiaomeng Zhu , R. Thomas McCoy , Robert Frank

We exploit the pre-trained seq2seq model mBART for multilingual text style transfer. Using machine translated data as well as gold aligned English sentences yields state-of-the-art results in the three target languages we consider. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Huiyuan Lai , Antonio Toral , Malvina Nissim

When translating from notional gender languages (e.g., English) into grammatical gender languages (e.g., Italian), the generated translation requires explicit gender assignments for various words, including those referring to the speaker.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Marco Gaido , Dennis Fucci , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

The impressive achievements of transformers force NLP researchers to delve into how these models represent the underlying structure of natural language. In this paper, we propose a novel standpoint to investigate the above issue: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Federico Ranaldi , Felicia Logozzo , Michele Mastromattei , Leonardo Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto

Recent advances in training multilingual language models on large datasets seem to have shown promising results in knowledge transfer across languages and achieve high performance on downstream tasks. However, we question to what extent the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Sara Rajaee , Christof Monz

Both encoder-only models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa) and large language models (LLMs, e.g., Llama3) have been widely used for text classification tasks. However, there is a lack of systematic studies comparing the performance of encoder-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hang Zhao , Qile P. Chen , Yijing Barry Zhang , Gang Yang

In this paper, we elaborate upon recipes for building multilingual representation models that are not only competitive with existing state-of-the-art models but are also more parameter efficient, thereby promoting better adoption in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Barun Patra , Saksham Singhal , Shaohan Huang , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Vishrav Chaudhary , Xia Song

Recently, fine-tuning pre-trained language models (e.g., multilingual BERT) to downstream cross-lingual tasks has shown promising results. However, the fine-tuning process inevitably changes the parameters of the pre-trained model and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Zihan Liu , Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Recent work has explored the syntactic abilities of RNNs using the subject-verb agreement task, which diagnoses sensitivity to sentence structure. RNNs performed this task well in common cases, but faltered in complex sentences (Linzen et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Emile Enguehard , Yoav Goldberg , Tal Linzen

Attention-based models have shown significant improvement over traditional algorithms in several NLP tasks. The Transformer, for instance, is an illustrative example that generates abstract representations of tokens inputted to an encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Vivek Subramanian , Guoyin Wang , Shijing Si , Dinghan Shen , Dong Wang , Lawrence Carin