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Speculative decoding accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by letting a lightweight draft model propose multiple tokens that the target model verifies in parallel. Yet existing training objectives optimize only a single greedy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shijing Hu , Jingyang Li , Zhihui Lu , Pan Zhou

Polar codes are of great interest since they are the first provably capacity-achieving forward error correction codes. To improve throughput and to reduce decoding latency of polar decoders, maximum likelihood (ML) decoding units are used…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Chenrong Xiong , Jun Lin , Zhiyuan Yan

Beam search is the most widely used decoding method for neural machine translation (NMT). In practice, the top-1 candidate with the highest log-probability among the n candidates is selected as the preferred one. However, this top-1…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Yidan Zhang , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Zhenan He

A new class of folded subspace codes for noncoherent network coding is presented. The codes can correct insertions and deletions beyond the unique decoding radius for any code rate $R\in[0,1]$. An efficient interpolation-based decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-22 Hannes Bartz , Vladimir Sidorenko

Optimizing the trade-off among predictive performance and computational cost is a central focus in the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs). Current routing methods primarily rely on direct mapping from queries to models based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Lv , Jingbo Sun

Reed-Muller (RM) codes are conjectured to achieve the capacity of any binary-input memoryless symmetric (BMS) channel, and are observed to have a comparable performance to that of random codes in terms of scaling laws. On the negative side,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Xiyang Liu , Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Hessam Mahdavifar , Sewoong Oh , Pramod Viswanath

The Normalized Maximum Likelihood (NML) codelength, or stochastic complexity, represents a principled criterion for universal coding. While recent coarea-based formulations provided a calculation method for smooth models, this framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Trenton Lau , Gary P. T. Choi

The 3D MIMO code is a robust and efficient space-time block code (STBC) for the distributed MIMO broadcasting but suffers from high maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding complexity. In this paper, we first analyze some properties of the 3D MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Ming Liu , Matthieu Crussière , Maryline Hélard , Jean-François Hélard

Following the great success of Machine Learning (ML), especially Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), in many research domains in 2010s, several ML-based approaches were proposed for detection in large inverse linear problems, e.g., massive MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-22 Edgar Beck , Carsten Bockelmann , Armin Dekorsy

It is well known that to fulfill their full potential, the design of polar codes must be tailored to their intended decoding algorithm. While for successive cancellation (SC) decoding, information theoretically optimal constructions are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Marvin Geiselhart , Andreas Zunker , Ahmed Elkelesh , Jannis Clausius , Stephan ten Brink

Polar codes achieve outstanding error correction performance when using successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding with cyclic redundancy check. A larger list size brings better decoding performance and is essential for practical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-03 ChenYang Xia , YouZhe Fan , Chi-Ying Tsui

The maximum common subtree isomorphism problem asks for the largest possible isomorphism between subtrees of two given input trees. This problem is a natural restriction of the maximum common subgraph problem, which is ${\sf NP}$-hard in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Andre Droschinsky , Nils M. Kriege , Petra Mutzel

In this work we develop the maximum likelihood detection (MLD) algorithm for noncoherent amplitude shift keying (NCASK) systems in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The developed algorithm was used to investigate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Arafat Al-Dweik , Fuqin Xiong

Decoding algorithms are essential to fault-tolerant quantum-computing architectures. In this perspective we explore decoding algorithms for the surface code; a prototypical quantum low-density parity-check code that underlies many of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Benjamin J. Brown

In the search for highly efficient decoders for short LDPC codes approaching maximum likelihood performance, a relayed decoding strategy, specifically activating the ordered statistics decoding process upon failure of a neural min-sum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guangwen Li , Xiao Yu

The performance of maximum-likelihood (ML) decoded binary linear block codes is addressed via the derivation of tightened upper bounds on their decoding error probability. The upper bounds on the block and bit error probabilities are valid…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 M. Twitto , I. Sason , S. Shamai

The problem of designing good Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs) with low maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding complexity has gathered much attention in the literature. All the known low ML decoding complexity techniques utilize the same approach…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Lakshmi Prasad Natarajan , B. Sundar Rajan

Pre-transformed polar codes (PTPCs) form a class of codes that perform close to the finite-length capacity bounds. The minimum distance and the number of minimum weight codewords are two decisive properties for their performance. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Andreas Zunker , Marvin Geiselhart , Stephan ten Brink

Reed-Muller codes are among the most important classes of locally correctable codes. Currently local decoding of Reed-Muller codes is based on decoding on lines or quadratic curves to recover one single coordinate. To recover multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Ronald Cramer , Chaoping Xing , Chen Yuan

Computing problems that handle large amounts of data necessitate the use of lossless data compression for efficient storage and transmission. We present a novel lossless universal data compression algorithm that uses parallel computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Nikhil Krishnan , Dror Baron