Related papers: A Comparison of CPU and GPU implementations for th…
Starting in 2022, the upgraded LHCb detector will collect data with a pure software trigger. In its first stage, reducing the rate from 30MHz to about 1MHz, GPUs are used to reconstruct and trigger on B and D meson topologies and high-pT…
Significant new challenges are continuously confronting the High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments, in particular the two detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, where nominal conditions deliver proton-proton collisions to the…
We describe a fully GPU-based implementation of the first level trigger for the upgrade of the LHCb detector, due to start data taking in 2021. We demonstrate that our implementation, named Allen, can process the 40 Tbit/s data rate of the…
In Run 3 of the LHC the LHCb experiment faces very high data rates containing beauty and charm hadron decays. Thus the task of the trigger is not to select any beauty and charm events, but to select those containing decays interesting for…
In this paper we introduce the energy efficiency as a new metric for evaluating both hardware platforms based on Graphic Processor Units (GPU), and algorithm optimisations at High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. We develop a method to…
LHCb is a general purpose forward detector located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Although initially optimized for the study of hadrons containing beauty quarks, the better than expected performance of the detector hardware and…
The LHCb experiment at CERN has undergone a comprehensive upgrade, including a complete re-design of the trigger system into a hybrid-architecture, software-only system that delivers ten times more interesting signals per unit time than its…
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the trigger systems for the detectors must be able to process a very large amount of data in a very limited amount of time, so that the nominal collision rate of 40 MHz can be reduced to a data rate that…
In high-energy physics, the increasing luminosity and detector granularity at the Large Hadron Collider are driving the need for more efficient data processing solutions. Machine Learning has emerged as a promising tool for reconstructing…
In recent years, it has become increasingly common for high performance computers (HPC) to possess some level of heterogeneous architecture - typically in the form of GPU accelerators. In some machines these are isolated within a dedicated…
Recent innovations focused around {\em parallel} processing, either through systems containing multiple processors or processors containing multiple cores, hold great promise for enhancing the performance of the trigger at the LHC and…
Since 2022, the LHCb detector has been taking both proton-proton and lead-ion data at the LHC collision rate using a fully software-based trigger. This has been implemented on GPUs at its first stage and CPUs at its second. The setup allows…
The LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has successfully performed a large number of physics measurements during Runs 1 and 2 of the LHC. Monte Carlo simulation is key to the interpretation of these and future…
The LHCb experiment is starting to take data in Run 3 with a new DAQ system, capable of performing complete event reconstruction at the full LHC collision rate. One novel opportunity offered by this system is triggering on long-lived…
The LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all…
In the next decade, the demands for computing in large scientific experiments are expected to grow tremendously. During the same time period, CPU performance increases will be limited. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), these two…
The LHCb experiment will operate at a luminosity of $2\times10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ during LHC Run 3. At this rate the present readout and hardware Level-0 trigger become a limitation, especially for fully hadronic final states. In order…
The CMS Level-1 calorimeter trigger is being upgraded in two stages to maintain performance as the LHC increases pile-up and instantaneous luminosity in its second run. In the first stage, improved algorithms including event-by-event…
Real-time data processing is a central aspect of particle physics experiments with high requirements on computing resources. The LHCb experiment must cope with the 30 million proton-proton bunches collision per second rate of the Large…
The trigger systems of the CERN LHC detectors play a crucial role in determining the physics capabilities of the experiments. A reduction of several orders of magnitude of the event rate is needed to reach values compatible with the…