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We propose skewed stable random projections for approximating the pth frequency moments of dynamic data streams (0<p<=2), which has been frequently studied in theoretical computer science and database communities. Our method significantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-07 Ping Li

Problems involving the efficient arrangement of simple objects, as captured by bin packing and makespan scheduling, are fundamental tasks in combinatorial optimization. These are well understood in the traditional online and offline cases,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Graham Cormode , Pavel Veselý

The exact computation of the number of distinct elements (frequency moment $F_0$) is a fundamental problem in the study of data streaming algorithms. We denote the length of the stream by $n$ where each symbol is drawn from a universe of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-02-28 Hartmut Klauck , Ved Prakash

The distinct elements problem is one of the fundamental problems in streaming algorithms --- given a stream of integers in the range $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, we wish to provide a $(1+\varepsilon)$ approximation to the number of distinct elements…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Jarosław Błasiok

Estimating the quantiles of a large dataset is a fundamental problem in both the streaming algorithms literature and the differential privacy literature. However, all existing private mechanisms for distribution-independent quantile…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Daniel Alabi , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Anamay Chaturvedi

We consider the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a random vector by observing i.i.d samples and each entry of the sampled vector is missed with probability $p$. Under the standard $L_4-L_2$ moment equivalence assumption, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Pedro Abdalla

We study the general problem of computing frequency-based functions, i.e., the sum of any given function of data stream frequencies. Special cases include fundamental data stream problems such as computing the number of distinct elements…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Prantar Ghosh

Most known algorithms in the streaming model of computation aim to approximate a single function such as an $\ell_p$-norm. In 2009, Nelson [\url{https://sublinear.info}, Open Problem 30] asked if it possible to design \emph{universal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Vladimir Braverman , Robert Krauthgamer , Lin F. Yang

We consider the problems of distributed heavy hitters and frequency moments in both the coordinator model and the distributed tracking model (also known as the distributed functional monitoring model). We present simple and optimal (up to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zengfeng Huang , Zhongzheng Xiong , Xiaoyi Zhu , Zhewei Wei

We study the problem of distributed distinct element estimation, where $\alpha$ servers each receive a subset of a universe $[n]$ and aim to compute a $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation to the number of distinct elements using minimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Jasper C. H. Lee , Thanasis Pittas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Motivated by the prevalence and success of machine learning, a line of recent work has studied learning-augmented algorithms in the streaming model. These results have shown that for natural and practical oracles implemented with machine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Soham Nagawanshi , Shalini Panthangi , Chen Wang , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Given a stream with frequencies $f_d$, for $d\in[n]$, we characterize the space necessary for approximating the frequency negative moments $F_p=\sum |f_d|^p$, where $p<0$ and the sum is taken over all items $d\in[n]$ with nonzero frequency,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Vladimir Braverman , Stephen R. Chestnut

We consider the problem of sampling $n$ numbers from the range $\{1,\ldots,N\}$ without replacement on modern architectures. The main result is a simple divide-and-conquer scheme that makes sequential algorithms more cache efficient and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Peter Sanders , Sebastian Lamm , Lorenz Hübschle-Schneider , Emanuel Schrade , Carsten Dachsbacher

An important problem in space-time adaptive detection is the estimation of the large p-by-p interference covariance matrix from training signals. When the number of training signals n is greater than 2p, existing estimators are generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-26 Benjamin D. Robinson , Robert Malinas , Alfred O. Hero

Many streaming algorithms provide only a high-probability relative approximation. These two relaxations, of allowing approximation and randomization, seem necessary -- for many streaming problems, both relaxations must be employed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Vladimir Braverman , Robert Krauthgamer , Aditya Krishnan , Shay Sapir

In this paper, we resolve the one-pass space complexity of $L_p$ sampling for $p \in (0,2)$. Given a stream of updates (insertions and deletions) to the coordinates of an underlying vector $f \in \mathbb{R}^n$, a perfect $L_p$ sampler must…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff

When facing a very large stream of data, it is often desirable to extract most important statistics online in a short time and using small memory. For example, one may want to quickly find the most influential users generating posts online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Dariusz R. Kowalski , Dominik Pajak

We derive new time-space tradeoff lower bounds and algorithms for exactly computing statistics of input data, including frequency moments, element distinctness, and order statistics, that are simple to calculate for sorted data. We develop…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Paul Beame , Raphael Clifford , Widad Machmouchi

The \emph{$\ell_2$ tracking problem} is the task of obtaining a streaming algorithm that, given access to a stream of items $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots$ from a universe $[n]$, outputs at each time $t$ an estimate to the $\ell_2$ norm of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Chi-Ning Chou , Zhixian Lei , Preetum Nakkiran

Frequency estimation in data streams is one of the classical problems in streaming algorithms. Following much research, there are now almost matching upper and lower bounds for the trade-off needed between the number of samples and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Shachar Lovett , Jiapeng Zhang