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Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven decomposition technique extracting spatio-temporal patterns of time-dependent phenomena. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive theoretical analysis of various variants of DMD. We provide…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Tim Krake , Daniel Weiskopf , Bernhard Eberhardt

The Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD)---a popular method for performing data-driven Koopman spectral analysis---has gained increased adoption as a technique for extracting dynamically meaningful spatio-temporal descriptions of fluid flows…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-07-13 Maziar S. Hemati , Clarence W. Rowley , Eric A. Deem , Louis N. Cattafesta

The analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems based on the Koopman operator is attracting attention in various applications. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis, and several variants with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Takehisa Yairi

Scientific research and engineering practice often require the modeling and decomposition of nonlinear systems. The Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a novel Koopman-based technique that effectively dissects high-dimensional nonlinear…

Extracting the latent underlying structures of complex nonlinear local and nonlocal flows is essential for their analysis and modeling. In this work, we attempt to provide a consistent framework through Koopman theory and its related…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-12-23 Ido Cohen , Guy Gilboa

This paper discusses the application of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to the extraction of modal properties of linear mechanical systems, i.e., experimental modal analysis (EMA). First, theoretical background of the DMD is briefly…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Akira Saito , Tomohiro Kuno

We establish the convergence of a class of numerical algorithms, known as Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), for computation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the infinite-dimensional Koopman operator. The algorithms act on data…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Hassan Arbabi , Igor Mezić

We study the convergence of Hermitian Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to the spectral properties of self-adjoint Koopman operators. Hermitian DMD is a data-driven method that approximates the Koopman operator associated with an unknown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Nicolas Boullé , Matthew J. Colbrook

Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is a widely used data-driven algorithm for estimating the Koopman Operator. EDMD extends Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) by lifting the snapshot data using nonlinear dictionary functions before…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Dipankar Maity , Debdipta Goswami

This paper tackles the data-driven approximation of unknown dynamical systems using Koopman-operator methods. Given a dictionary of functions, these methods approximate the projection of the action of the operator on the finite-dimensional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Masih Haseli , Jorge Cortés

Numerical approximation methods for the Koopman operator have advanced considerably in the last few years. In particular, data-driven approaches such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and its generalization, the extended-DMD (EDMD), are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Qianxiao Li , Felix Dietrich , Erik M. Bollt , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite dimensional operator that governs the evolution of scalar observables defined on the state space of an autonomous dynamical system, and is a powerful tool for the analysis and decomposition of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-28 Matthew O. Williams , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis , Clarence W. Rowley

The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a broadly applicable dimensionality reduction algorithm that approximates a matrix containing time-series data by the outer product of a matrix of exponentials, representing Fourier-like time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-07 Travis Askham , Peng Zheng , Aleksandr Aravkin , J. Nathan Kutz

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a popular data-driven analysis technique used to decompose complex, nonlinear systems into a set of modes, revealing underlying patterns and dynamics through spectral analysis. This review presents a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Matthew J. Colbrook

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven modal decomposition technique that extracts coherent spatio-temporal structures from high-dimensional time-series data. By decomposing the dynamics into a set of modes, each associated with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yutaro Tanaka , Hiroya Nakao

We introduce the Rigged Dynamic Mode Decomposition (Rigged DMD) algorithm, which computes generalized eigenfunction decompositions of Koopman operators. By considering the evolution of observables, Koopman operators transform complex…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Matthew J. Colbrook , Catherine Drysdale , Andrew Horning

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) has recently become a popular tool for the non-intrusive analysis of dynamical systems. Exploiting Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) as a dimensionality reduction technique, DMD is able to approximate a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Francesco Andreuzzi , Nicola Demo , Gianluigi Rozza

The Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a tool of trade in computational data driven analysis of fluid flows. More generally, it is a computational device for Koopman spectral analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems, with a plethora of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-10 Zlatko Drmač , Igor Mezić , Ryan Mohr

The DMD (Dynamic Mode Decomposition) method has attracted widespread attention as a representative modal-decomposition method and can build a predictive model. However, the DMD may give predicted results that deviate from physical reality…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Yuhui Yin , Chenhui Kou , Shengkun Jia , Lu Lu , Xigang Yuan , Yiqing Luo

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is an unsupervised machine learning method that has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to its equation-free structure, ability to easily identify coherent spatio-temporal structures in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Alex Viguerie , Gabriel F. Barros , Malú Grave , Alessandro Reali , Alvaro L. G. A. Coutinho