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Operating deep neural networks (DNNs) on devices with limited resources requires the reduction of their memory as well as computational footprint. Popular reduction methods are network quantization or pruning, which either reduce the word…

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

A popular track of network compression approach is Quantization aware Training (QAT), which accelerates the forward pass during the neural network training and inference. However, not much prior efforts have been made to quantize and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Kaixin Xu , Alina Hui Xiu Lee , Ziyuan Zhao , Zhe Wang , Min Wu , Weisi Lin

Quantized neural network (NN) with a reduced bit precision is an effective solution to reduces the computational and memory resource requirements and plays a vital role in machine learning. However, it is still challenging to avoid the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Xiaobin Li , Hongxu Jiang , Shuangxi Huang , Fangzheng Tian

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, challenges, and methodologies associated with quantizing large-scale neural network models. As neural networks have evolved towards larger and more complex architectures to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yanshu Wang , Tong Yang , Xiyan Liang , Guoan Wang , Hanning Lu , Xu Zhe , Yaoming Li , Li Weitao

The state-of-the-art performance for several real-world problems is currently reached by convolutional neural networks (CNN). Such learning models exploit recent results in the field of deep learning, typically leading to highly performing,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Giosuè Cataldo Marinò , Alessandro Petrini , Dario Malchiodi , Marco Frasca

Quantization is a promising technique for reducing the bit-width of deep models to improve their runtime performance and storage efficiency, and thus becomes a fundamental step for deployment. In real-world scenarios, quantized models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Qun Li , Yuan Meng , Chen Tang , Jiacheng Jiang , Zhi Wang

Quantization has gained attention as a promising solution for the cost-effective deployment of large and small language models. However, most prior work has been limited to perplexity or basic knowledge tasks and lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jemin Lee , Sihyeong Park , Jinse Kwon , Jihun Oh , Yongin Kwon

Neural networks have demonstrably achieved state-of-the art accuracy using low-bitlength integer quantization, yielding both execution time and energy benefits on existing hardware designs that support short bitlengths. However, the…

Deep learning-based face recognition models follow the common trend in deep neural networks by utilizing full-precision floating-point networks with high computational costs. Deploying such networks in use-cases constrained by computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer , Arjan Kuijper

Catastrophic forgetting poses a fundamental challenge in continual learning, particularly when models are quantized for deployment efficiency. We systematically investigate the interplay between quantization precision (FP16, INT8, INT4) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Michael S. Zhang , Rishi A. Ruia , Arnav Kewalram , Saathvik Dharmapuram , Utkarsh Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Neural network quantization procedure is the necessary step for porting of neural networks to mobile devices. Quantization allows accelerating the inference, reducing memory consumption and model size. It can be performed without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Alexander Goncharenko , Andrey Denisov , Sergey Alyamkin , Evgeny Terentev

Although weight and activation quantization is an effective approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression and has a lot of potentials to increase inference speed leveraging bit-operations, there is still a noticeable gap in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Dongqing Zhang , Jiaolong Yang , Dongqiangzi Ye , Gang Hua

Neural networks are essential components of learning-based software systems. However, their high compute, memory, and power requirements make using them in low resources domains challenging. For this reason, neural networks are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 João Batista P. Matos , Iury Bessa , Edoardo Manino , Xidan Song , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Transformer-based models, such as BERT, have been widely applied in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, one inevitable side effect is that they require massive memory storage and inference cost when deployed in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jianwei Li , Tianchi Zhang , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Dongkuan Xu

Processing-in-memory (PIM), an increasingly studied neuromorphic hardware, promises orders of energy and throughput improvements for deep learning inference. Leveraging the massively parallel and efficient analog computing inside memories,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Qing Jin , Zhiyu Chen , Jian Ren , Yanyu Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is widely adopted to quantize language models by training full-precision weights using gradients from the quantized model. The main bottleneck is its slow convergence and early performance plateau,…

Recent one-shot Neural Architecture Search algorithms rely on training a hardware-agnostic super-network tailored to a specific task and then extracting efficient sub-networks for different hardware platforms. Popular approaches separate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Maciej Szankin , Fang Chen , Sairam Sundaresan , Anthony Sarah

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. In order to reduce this cost, several quantization schemes have gained attention recently with some focusing on weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jungwook Choi , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

Recently, transformer has achieved remarkable performance on a variety of computer vision applications. Compared with mainstream convolutional neural networks, vision transformers are often of sophisticated architectures for extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Zhenhua Liu , Yunhe Wang , Kai Han , Siwei Ma , Wen Gao